172 HOW TO JUDGE A HORSE. 



right hand free for the use of the whip. As soon 

 as the near horse has received the impulse for the 

 turn bj the line, it must be animated into the turn 

 with the whip, so as to bring the carriage, that is to 

 pull the same by the traces into the new direction. 



Inexperienced drivers generally give the impulse 

 for the turn to the left, by pulling the left rein, 

 closely followed by an animation of the off horse. 

 The consequence is that the off horse throws 

 himself against the pole, and the pole against the 

 near horse, compelling the latter to fall out with 

 shoulder and body, thereby preventing him from 

 pulling. The rules for driving one horse or a pair 

 are generally the same. 



In turning to the rights place the right hand full 

 upon the rein. 



DRIVING FOUR-IN-HAND. 



The first requirement is an exact knowledge of how 

 to handle the lines, and calmly to guard and regu- 

 late the paces of the horses. 



There are several ivays of holding the reins in the 

 left hand, the first being : Take up the lines of the 

 wheelers into your right hand, the left line between 

 first and second fingers, the right, between second 

 and third fingers, and equal them out. Then take 

 the lines of your leaders into your left hand, and 



