I50 HORSEMANSHIP. 



most purposes, and I never met with a mouth so tender 

 that, would not face it. This bit is a compromise between 

 the snaffle and curb, with elongated leg-branches and a. 

 ring at the ends of the butts or mouth-piece for the second 

 rein ; to the top-eye of the cheek the curb is affixed. The 

 mouth-piece should have a low port with plain mouth — 

 no rollers, olives, twists, etc. The cheek, which is con- 

 structed to turn, should, in my opinion, be straight, as look- 

 ing more workmanlike. That some, ladies especially, prefer 

 what are termed the Ladies' Hanoverian, the Ladies' re- 

 versed Hanoverian, the Pad Check, and Snoko-Pelhams, 

 is a mere matter of taste. This variety of bit is too little 

 understood and too seldom in use. A well-trained horse 

 ridden in a bridle of this description, in the hands of an 

 expert, will, with the mere pressure of the leg, and the 

 unspellable " klk," at once break from a walk or trot into 

 the canter. It is, as will be seen on examination, no 

 more encumbrance in a horse's mouth than the snaffle, with 

 this advantage, that, by taking up the lower rein, it is a 

 mild or strong curb bit. This double-reined Pelham has 

 another great advantage over either of the Lipping patterns, 

 that it does not require such fine sensitive hands. It has 

 been objected to Pelhams that they make horses go heavy 

 in hand, but the fault lies with the rider, not with the bit. 

 The Bentinck, No. 12, is a device of the wicked to bruise 

 and injure the horse's palate. No. 13, the Stockton bit, 

 is a combination of the snaffle mouth-piece, the revolving 

 branches of the Segundo with a little slide, and the double 

 rein of the straight-cheeked Pelham — a useful bit. In the 

 Chifney, No. 14, the curb-chain is attached to the perma- 

 nent hook on the cheek of the bit, forged on to it, the 

 head-stall of the bridle going on to the eye of the loose 

 cheek. The leverage so obtained, especially if the chain be 



