XIV CONTENTS 



PAGE 



Improvement work in selection forests . . 220 



Damage cuttings . . ' . . . 221 



Pruning ...... 223 



CHAPTER VII. PROTECTION OF FORESTS FROM FIRE . 225 



Character of forest fires . . . 226 



Surface fires 226 



Inflammable material .... .227 



Topography ...... 229 



Character of the soil ...... 230 



Condition of the atmosphere .... 230 



Rapidity of surface fires . . . 230 



Grass fires ...... 231 



Brush fires . . m 231 



Ground fires . 232 



Crown fires ...... 233 



Damage by fires ..... . 235 



Death of standing trees . . . 235 



Injury to trees ..... 238 



Injury to the soil .... . 240 



Reduction of density . 241 



Influence on reproduction .... 242 



The prevention of fires ... , 244 



Elimination of the causes of fires . . . 245 



Organization of the forest . . . 246 



Disposal of slash . ... 247 



Disposal of brush and debris . . . 249 



Piling and burning brush as logging proceeds 249 



Piling and burning brush in separate operations 251 



Lopping the tops . 260 



