98 THE PRINCIPLES OF HANDLING WOODLANDS 



European method which will not be used very much 

 by us. 



The principle of this method is used in combination 

 with other systems. Thus, sometimes it is desired to 

 introduce a valuable species which has some difficulty in 

 competing with the species in mixture. Patches are clear- 

 cut as above described, and the valuable species planted. 

 When the young growth has made a good start, the rest 

 of the stand is then removed by some one of the systems, 

 and reproduced to the other species. This modified plan 

 is used in Europe in mixed oak and beech woods when 

 oak has to be favored against the competing beech. The 

 oak is introduced in the cleared patches and the beech 

 reproduced naturally after the oak is well established. 



Clear-Cutting with Natural Reproduction 



Under this system a stand, or part of a stand, is cut 

 clear, and the area is restocked by natural reproduction 

 from trees standing on the border. The system is used 

 where a clear-cutting is necessary, and where natural 

 reproduction from the side is possible and can be accom- 

 plished cheaper than by artificial seeding or planting. 



Conditions of Success. The system under considera- 

 tion depends, for reproduction, on natural seeding from 

 the sides. It is, therefore, applicable to species having 

 light seed that is distributed by the wind. Inasmuch as 

 the new stand must be established in the open, reproduc- 

 tion can be secured only from species capable of germi- 

 nating and developing without shelter. It may happen 



