THE SHELTERWOOD SYSTEM 151 



market and logging than on the requirements for repro- 

 duction. 



The next step in the development of the system is 

 the removal of the trees left after the first or seed-cutting 

 in two cuttings instead of one cutting. The additional 

 cutting is a thinning made after reproduction has been 

 started, in order to admit more light for development of 

 the seedling growth. It is made when the condition of 

 the new crop requires it; and the amount of timber to 

 be removed and the selection of the trees depend on the 

 needs of the young growth. It is a thinning, and there- 

 fore leaves standing a certain number of trees which still 

 act as a partial shelter and seed up blanks not reproduced 

 after the first thinning. This second thinning is called 

 the Removal Cutting. 



The two-cutting plan was used in Europe as early 

 as 1720. In the early part of the 19th century the 

 idea of three cuttings was fully developed. With the 

 improvement of market conditions, still greater attention 

 was given to reproduction and the development of the 

 new stand. It became more and more possible for the 

 forester, from first to last, to direct all cuttings so as to 

 secure a full and thrifty new crop, and at the same time 

 to meet the requirements of logging. The result of 

 experience in reproduction and of the development of a 

 good market is the modern shelterwood system, as ap- 

 plied in Europe, which consists of a series of cuttings, 

 from three to ten or more, according to the needs of a 

 given case. 



