186 THE PRINCIPLES OF HANDLING WOODLANDS 



tern described on page 177 in two particulars; first, 

 the reserves are left over several rotations for the pro- 

 duction of very large trees, and second, the reserves are 

 chiefly trees from the seed, and not sprouts. 



This is a system long in vogue in Europe, and now 

 practised there very extensively, especially on private 

 and communal forests. As yet the method has not been 

 used systematically in this country, but it will be un- 

 doubtedly as soon as there is a market for the products 

 of coppice cut on a short rotation. The description given 

 below necessarily applies to the practise in Europe. 



This system is most simply understood by following 

 its development from the simple coppice. Suppose that 

 there is a simple coppice managed on a 20-year rota- 

 tion, and it is decided to develop a system of coppice 

 with standards in which the latter will have a rotation of 

 100 years. 



When the sprouts are cut, a certain number of re- 

 serves are chosen from among the best trees in the 

 stand. Seedling trees are used if they occur; otherwise 

 the best sprouts are used. If there are likely to be no 

 seedlings in the reproduction, some are established by 

 planting. Twenty years later, at the time the coppice is 

 again cut, new reserves are chosen among the best trees, 

 preferably seedling trees, of the 20-year-old wood. After 

 cutting there will then be standards 20 and 40 years old. 

 After the following 20 years, the oldest standards are 60 

 years, the next 40 years old; and then some 20-year-old 

 standards are chosen as before. This process is continued 



