PICEA 155 



the "cushions" on which the leaves are seated. Leaves to i in. long, quad- 

 rangular, abruptly and sharply pointed, one to four stomatic lines on each 

 side. Cones i to 2 ins. long, cylindric, shining brown ; scales rounded, and 

 minutely toothe'd at the apex. This spruce resembles P. orientalis in its short, 

 lustrous leaves. Introduced from Yezo by Maries about 1877. 



P. MAXIMOWICZII, Regel. An unimportant spruce collected on Mount 

 Fujiyama, Japan, in 1864. There are only small trees in cultivation, the 

 largest mentioned by Henry being at Handcross Park in Sussex, and 32 ft. high ; 

 it does not appear to be tall in nature. The young shoots are quite smooth, 

 the winter buds covered with smooth resinous scales. Leaves averaging 

 scarcely \ in. in length, pointed, four-sided, with two to five stomatic lines 

 on each face, dark glossy green. Cones if to 2 ins. long, cylindrical, tapered 

 at both ends ; scales rounded, not toothed, reddish brown at maturity. 



P. ALBA, Link. WHITE SPRUCE. 



(P. canadensis, Britton^) 



A tree usually 60 to 100 ft. high ; young specimens with much the habit 

 of the common spruce, but of a greyer green ; branchlets very pale brown, 

 not downy ; buds resinous. Leaves arranged mostly on the upper side of the 

 branches, evil-smelling when crushed ; they are ^ to f in. long, pointed, but 

 not prickly, four-angled, grey-green, with two to five lines of stomata on each 

 face. Cones cylindrical, i to 2 ins. long, pale shining brown when mature ; 

 scales very thin and flexible, broad and rounded, nearly entire at the margins. 



Native of N. America ; introduced about the end of the seventeenth 

 century. It is very widely spread in a wild state, reaching, according to 

 Sargent, from Labrador to Alaska, extending southwards along the eastern 

 side of the Rocky Mountains to Montana, and to New York, Michigan, etc. 

 It reaches a higher latitude than any other evergreen tree, and nearly to the 

 Arctic Sea, on ground which only thaws 3 or 4 ft. down in summer. It 

 possesses little merit as an ornamental tree in Britain, especially in the south, 

 but on the vast " Danish heaths and dunes of Jutland which are continually 

 swept by the gales of the North Sea it has been extensively planted, especially 

 as a shelter tree. It serves this purpose so well, that no other known tree 

 could take its place there" (Rafn). In the rank smell of its foliage it 

 resembles P. Engelmannii, but that species has longer leaves and more 

 tapered cone-scales, and it, as well as the more nearly allied P. nigra and 

 P. rubra, are further distinguished by their downy shoots. 



Var. AUREA has foliage of a yellowish tinge. 



Var. CCERULEA is more glaucous than the type. There are also dwarf 

 forms such as COMPACTA and ECHINIFORMIS. 



P. ALBERTIANA, S. Brown. Introduced by Mr H. J. Elwes in 1906, but 

 little can as yet be said of this spruce under cultivation. It is closely allied 

 to, perhaps only a geographical form of, P. alba, differing in the slightly 

 downy young shoots and resinous buds. It is a finer tree than P. alba, and is 

 said to reach a stature of 160 ft. Native of western N. America. 



P. ALCOCKIANA, Carrier e. ALCOCK'S SPRUCE. 



(P. bicolor, Mayr.} 



A tree 80 ft. high in Japan ; in cultivation a small pyramidal tree, with 

 stiff branches ; young shoots sparsely downy or glabrous, pale brown. Leaves 

 very crowded, especially on the upper side of the shoots ; to f in. long, 

 blunt at the apex, quadrangular ; glossy green, with usually two lines of 

 stomata on the uppermost surfaces and four to seven lines on the lower ones. 



