176 PINUS 



Pekin, where it has been largely planted for the sake of its remarkable 

 white trunk ; introduced by Fortune in 1848. It has lately been seen in 

 quantity by Wilson in Central China. It is distinct from all other three- 

 leaved pines, except P. Gerardiana, in the deciduous leaf-sheaths. It 

 succeeds very well at Kew, where are trees approaching 30 ft. in height 

 not yet, however, showing the white bark. This is said not to appear, 

 even in China, until the trees are fifty years old. 



P. CEMBRA, Linnceus. AROLLA PINE. 



A tree varying in height from 60 to over 100 ft. high, usually of pyramidal 

 form, especially when young ; young shoots clothed with a thick coat of 

 brownish down. Leaves in fives, very densely packed on the shoots, 

 persisting three to five years according to vigour ; pointing forward, fragrant 

 in summer, \\ to 3^ ins. long, rich green ; triangular, with three to five 

 lines of stomata on two faces ; margins toothed except near the point ; 

 leaf-sheaths f or in. long, soon falling away. Cones egg-shaped, 2 to 

 3 ins. long, scarcely as wide ; the scales do not expand, and the seeds 

 fall with the cones and are either released by birds or animals, or by the 

 decay of the scales. 



Native of the Alps of Central Europe and Siberia ; introduced in 1746. 

 This well-known pine makes a very pretty small tree, pyramidal, densely 

 branched and very leafy, especially from 8 to 20 ft. high. It does not appear 

 to be long-lived nor produce cones freely in the south of England, although 

 there are a few trees between 60 and 80 ft. high in old gardens. Young 

 trees often die suddenly. It is, of course, a purely Alpine tree in Europe, 

 its rugged line marking the highest frontier of tree growth on many of 

 the mountain-sides of Switzerland, France, and the Tyrol. In the more 

 sheltered upland valleys visitors to those parts will have noted picturesque 

 old veterans that have braved the storms, doubtless, for hundreds of years. 



Var. SIBIRICA, Loudon. A taller tree of quicker growth, but apparently 

 less well adapted to our climate than the Central European form. Native 

 of vast areas in European and Asiatic Russia. There is a garden variety 

 AUREA with yellowish leaves. 



In Japan, Manchuria, Siberia, and other cold regions of Eastern Asia 

 grows P. PUMILA, Regel, botanically a close ally of P. Cembra, although 

 of different aspect. It is a dwarf, mostly prostrate shrub never over 10 ft. 

 high, the shoots covered with down and the five-clustered leaves i^ to. 2 ins. 

 long. They differ from those of P. Cembra in being usually entire at 

 the margins. Cones i| ins. long, orange-brown, similar to those of 

 P. Cembra in never opening. It was in cultivation early last century, 

 but appears to have been lost sight of until recently, when Capt. Clinton 

 Baker, R.N., collected plants in Japan and sent them to the Bayfordbury 

 collection. Prof. Sargent says that on Mt. Hakkoda, Japan, at 6000 ft., 

 he saw impenetrable thickets of it a few feet high covering hundreds of acres. 



P. CEMBROIDES, Zuccarini. THREE-LEAF NUT PlNE. 



A bushy tree usually 15 to 20 ft. high, sometimes 40 or 50 ft., the young 

 branches slender, glaucous. Leaves mostly in threes, sometimes in pairs, 

 persisting for about three years ; I to 2 ins. long, dark green ; in each cluster 

 the inner faces of .the leaves are pressed together, especially when young ; 

 margins not toothed ; leaf-sheath at first \ to f in. long, the scales afterwards 

 becoming reflexed and forming a rosette round the base of each cluster. Cones 

 roundish, egg-shaped, \\ to 2 ins. long, I to i^ ins. wide, with very few scales. 

 Seeds J in. long, edible." 



