178 PINUS 



tree in its native country, filling much the same place in the flora there that 

 the Scotch pine does in Europe. It is one of the favourite plants upon which 

 the Japanese gardeners exercise their dwarfing arts. There is a group of trees 

 at Kew 30 to 35 ft. high, rather striking in their reddish crooked trunks. 

 The species is not likely to have any timber value with us. It resembles 

 P. sylvestris in the resinous buds and reddish trunk, but is very different 

 in general appearance, the leaves being green (not grey) and the young 

 shoots glaucous (not green). Both this pine and P. Thunbergi are found in 

 gardens as " P. Massoniana," but the true P. MASSONIANA, Lambert, is a more 

 southern tree, not, so far as I am aware, in cultivation, and probably too 

 tender for our climate. 



Var. AUREA behaves exactly like P. sylvestris aurea in the leaves turning 

 yeliow in autumn and winter, changing to green again in spring and summer. 



P. ECHINATA, Millet. EASTERN YELLOW PlNE. 

 (P. mitis, Michaux.} 



A tree 30 to 50 ft. high in this country, over 100 ft. high in a wild state ; 

 young shoots quite smooth, covered with blue-white bloom, slender, very 

 brittle after they are one year old, the bark peeling the third year ; terminal 

 bud cylindrical, to ^ in. long, not resinous, scales fringed. Leaves in pairs 

 or in threes, mostly falling the second year ; ij to 4 ins. long, slender, dull 

 green ; leaf-sheath J to in. long, persistent. Cones i| to 2^ ins. long, f to 

 i in. wide at the base before expanding ; conical, with a short, distinct stalk. 



Native of the eastern United States from New York State southwards ; 

 cultivated in this country since early in the eighteenth century. It is but little 

 known, and has, indeed, no conspicuous qualities to recommend it for garden 

 or park. It is distinct in its blue-white young shoots, occasionally three- 

 leaved clusters, and brittle shoots covered with peeling bark after the second 

 year. In N. America it is a very valuable timber tree. 



P. EDULIS, Engelmann. TWO-LEAF NUT PlNE. 



A small tree rarely more than 20 to 30 ft. high, often a mere bush in 

 gardens ; young shoots somewhat glaucous. Leaves in pairs, occasionally in 

 threes, persisting three or four years ; f to \\ ins. long, stiff, pointed, without 

 marginal teeth, dark green outside, inner faces glaucous with stomatic lines. 

 The leaves in each bundle are inclined to remain with their inner faces close 

 together ; when they are in pairs they are semi-terete, when in threes 

 triangular in section ; leaf-sheath J in. long at ' first, the scales afterwards 

 reflexed, forming a rosette. Cones f to 2 ins. long, composed of a few large 

 woody scales, terminated by a small spine. 



Native of the eastern foothills of the outer ranges of the Rocky Mountains, 

 from Colorado to New Mexico. The edible seeds are sold in the markets 

 there. It is a pleasing small tree of neat dense habit, but very rare in gardens. 

 It is not easy always to discriminate between this species and P. cembroides, 

 both of which have rosette-like leaf-sheaths, but this appears to be sturdier in 

 branch, and shorter and stiffer in leaf, and the leaves are more frequently in 

 pairs than in threes. 



P. EXCELSA, Wallich. HIMALAYAN BLUE PINE. 



A tree reaching 150 ft. in height in a wild state, and already over 100 ft. 

 high in cultivation ; young shoots blue-green, perfectly free from down, 

 slightly ridged below each bundle of leaves towards the apex. Leaves in fives, 



