184 PINUS 



In young plants the chief distinction is in the short, stiff leaves. According 

 to Elwes, it makes a much better root system than either the Austrian or 

 Corsican pine, and therefore transplants better. It is worth looking after for 

 forestry purposes. 



P. MONOPHYLLA, Torrey. ONE-LEAF NUT PlNE 



(P. Fremontiana, Endlicher.} 



A tree usually 15 to 20 ft. high, pyramidal as represented by cultivated 

 plants ; young shoots grey, smooth or nearly so. Leaves solitary and terete, 

 or occasionally in pairs, and then semi-terete, not toothed at the margin ; I to 

 if ins. long, sharply pointed, curved ; marked all round with stomatic lines, 

 grey-green ; leaf-sheaths at first about J in. long afterwards curled back 

 round the base of the leaf like a rosette. Cones i-| to 2 ins. long, with few 

 thickened spoon-like scales ; seeds f in. long. 



Native of Utah, Nevada, Arizona, and Lower California ; discovered in 

 1844, and introduced by Hartweg in 1848. This curious pine is distinct from 

 all others in the mostly solitary leaves, although in the rosette-like sheath it 

 clearly shows its affinity to the cembroides and edulis group. It is an 

 interesting curiosity, but grows too slowly to have much value in the garden. 

 The seeds, like those of its allies, are eaten by the Indian tribes of Nevada, 

 and have a sweet, nutty flavour, improved by roasting. The healthiest tree I 

 know is in Messrs Paul Son's nursery at Cheshunt, 17 ft. high, and there is 

 one about as large at Old Conna Hill, near Bray, Ireland. 



P. MONTANA, Miller. MOUNTAIN PINE. 



This name is applied to a group of pines varying in stature from dwarf 

 shrubs to trees 60 to 80 ft. high, yet in botanical characters almost identical ; 

 young shoots rough with scale leaves, not downy ; terminal buds resinous, 

 j to ^ in. long. Leaves in pairs, persisting five or more years ; i^- to 3 ins. 

 long, conspicuously curved and twisted, stiff, dark green, pointed ; leaf-sheath 

 ^ to in. long. Cones I to 2^ ins. long. 



Native of S. and Central Europe, always in mountainous regions, where it 

 is often the highest woody plant. The form most commonly cultivated in 

 Britain is a dwarf one known as 



P. PUMILIO, Haenke, or P. montana var. pumilio, Willkomm. This grows 

 5 to 10 ft. high, forming not one leader, but a cluster of several stems curving 

 out from the bottom. The cone is about i-| ins. long. Native of Central and 

 S.E. Europe, from the Jura Mountains of W. Switzerland to Montenegro. In 

 gardens this pine is extremely useful as an evergreen covering for dry slopes 

 and mounds, and thrives in the poorest soil. It transplants very well. Not 

 often distinguished from this in gardens is P. MUGHUS, Scopoli, which is 

 similar in habit, and differs in no important matter, but has a more Eastern 

 distribution, reaching into Bulgaria and Servia. It is P. montana var. 

 Mughus, Willkomm. 



P. UNCINATA, Ramond, or P. montana var. uncinata, Willkomm. This is 

 the largest form of P. montana, and becomes a tree 60 to So ft. high. It is 

 also quite distinct in the cones, the scales of which are remarkably deflexed 

 at their bluntly pyramidal apex. This is the Western form of P. montana, and 

 occurs in Spain and France. So far as I have seen, it has little value as an 

 ornamental tree in this country. Among two-leaved pines with resinous 

 cylindric buds, the scales of which are appressed, all the forms of P. montana 

 are distinguished by the greater length of the leaf-sheath. 



