PINUS 187 



entire marginal leaves and rosette-like leaf-sheaths. * In this group mpnophylla 

 has its leaves solitary ; edulis has them in pairs ; cembroides in threes, 

 Parryana in fours ; and Balfouriana and arista ta in fives. This, however, is 

 the general rule ; all of them vary to some extent in this matter. There are 

 small trees at Ke\v, but the species is very rare. 



P. PARVTFLORA, Siebold. JAPANESE WHITE PlNE. 



A tree 30 to 40 ft. high at present in this country, but twice as high in 

 Japan ; young shoots minutely downy ; winter buds ovoid, -^ in. long, some of 

 their scales free at the tips. Leaves in fives, falling the third year, \\ to i\ ins. 

 long, very slightly toothed on the margins, with silvery lines of stomata on the 

 inner surfaces ; leaf-sheath f in. long, soon falling completely away. Cones egg- 

 shaped, 2 to 3 ins. long, ij to if ins. wide before expanding, usually produced 

 in whorls of three or four, and in extraordinary profusion even when quite 

 young. 



Introduced from Japan in 1861, by John Gould Veitch, and frequent in 

 gardens where its small size renders it easily accommodated, and where it is 

 appreciated for its neat growth. Its cones open widely and persist six or 

 seven years ; a tree heavily laden with them has its aspect somewhat spoilt. 

 There are two well-marked forms in cultivation : one with stiffer leaves, very 

 glaucous inside, and quite pale shining shoots, distinguished as. var. GLAUCA ; 

 the other with softer, more grass-like foliage, and dark brown, more downy 

 shoots. Many of the dwarfed pines so largely imported from Japan during 

 the last two decades belong to this species. It likes a moist, well-drained, 

 loamy soil. 



P. PENTAPHYLLA, Mayr, is apparently a form of P. parviflora, with longer 

 cones (3^ ins.) and thicker leaves. It has a more northerly habitat in Japan, 

 whence it has recently been introduced. 



P. PEUKE, Grisebach. MACEDONIAN PlNE. 



A tree not yet more than 40 to 50 ft. high in 'this country, but twice as high 

 in Bulgaria ; densely branched, and slenderly pyramidal ; young shoots glossy 

 green, quite smooth. Leaves in fives, mostly falling in their third year ; 3 to 

 4 ins. long, very densely borne on the shoots, pointed forwards, three-sided ; 

 two of the sides have three or four lines of white stomata, the other one is 

 bright green ; margins roughened with tiny teeth ; leaf-sheaths soon falling. 

 Cones on stalks about \ in. long ; themselves 4 or 5 ins. long, i^ to I J ins. 

 wide before expanding ; scales in the middle about \\ ins. long, half as wide, 

 thin at the margins. 



Native of Macedonia, where it was first found by Dr Grisebach in 1839, 

 also of Bulgaria and Montenegro; introduced in 1864. One of the smaller 

 and slower growing pines, this is suitable for small gardens. Trees raised in 

 1864 are now 45 ft. high at Kew. It grows about I ft. in height yearly. It is 

 considered to be very closely allied to P. excelsa, but the two are extremely 

 distinct in general appearance. P. Peuke is much denser in leaf and branch ; 

 its leaves are shorter, greener, and never have the kink near the base seen in 

 excelsa. The cones also are shorter and thicker. It resembles P Cembra 

 more as a young tree, but that species "has very shaggy young shoots. 



P. PINASTER, Solander. CLUSTER PINE, MARITIME PINE. 



A tree reaching 100 to 120 ft. in height, forming a tall, rugged, dark trunk. 

 Young shoots not downy, pale brown ; terminal winter buds, I to I j ins. long, 

 -?. to i in. wide, cylindrical with a conical apex, clothed with awl-shaped, 

 outwardly curving scales conspicuously fringed with silvery threads. Leaves 



