188 FINDS 



in pairs, 4 to 8 ins. long, ^ in. wide, stiff and stout, dark green, falling the 

 third and fourth years ; slightly roughened at the margins ; leaf-sheath f to f 

 in. long, persistent. Cones usually borne in whorls, deflexed, 4 or 5 (some- 

 times) 7 ins. long, 2 to 2^ ins. wide at the base before opening, tapering to a 

 point, bright brown, often persisting for many years. 



Native of S. Europe, from W. France to Greece ; cultivated since the 

 sixteenth century. As an old tree it is singularly picturesque, its dark, deeply 

 fissured trunk being naked for two-thirds of its height. As a young tree it 

 grows with great rapidity 2 ft. per annum and has a coarse, gaunt aspect. 

 The leaves of this pine are the largest and stoutest of all hardy Old World 

 pines and of all two-leaved pines, although they are of course exceeded in 

 size by those of Californian and Mexican species. It is, as its common name 

 implies, admirably adapted for maritime localities. The famous pine planta- 

 tions of Bournemouth are largely composed of this tree. It is also one of the 

 very best for light sandy soils. It yields a valuable product in its resin, but 

 its timber is poor. Nowhere has its economic value been so efficiently 

 demonstrated as in the Landes of France, south of Bordeaux. Here in 1904, 

 mostly planted by man, it covered an area of about if million acres, yielding an 

 annual revenue of ^560,000, and this from land which previously was mainly 

 desert. Among two-leaved pines it is distinguished by the size and length of 

 leaf, and by the curly, fringed bud-scales. (Syn. P. maritima, Lamarck.'} 



P. PINEA, Linnczus. STONE PINE. 



A tree varying in height according to the position in which it grows, from 

 40 to 100 ft. ; forming in the open a comparatively low tree with a short, 

 deeply fissured trunk, supporting a broad spreading head of branches more in 

 diameter than it is high. When the tree has been drawn up by others it 

 becomes much taller, but develops the characteristically shaped head as soon 

 as the opportunity comes. Young shoots not downy, pale yellowish brown, 

 more or less devoid of leaves at the base. Buds very characteristic on account 

 of the curly pointed scales edged with long silvery threads by which they are 

 matted together ; 5- to in. long. Leaves in pairs, occasionally in threes ; 

 3 to 5 ins. long, 3 to 4 ins. wide ; roundish egg-shaped, rounded at the top ; 

 glossy, pale brown. Seeds kidney-bean shaped, f in. long. 



Native of S. Europe from Spain and Portugal eastwards to Greece and 

 Asia Minor ; cultivated in England for probably four centuries at least. Its 

 flat spreading head of branches is one of the most picturesque and character- 

 istic objects of Italian scenery. A famous forest of this pine is that of 

 Ravenna, near the coast of the Adriatic, about 16 miles long, and i mile wide, 

 very much damaged in the great frost of 1879, when all the younger trees were 

 killed. The tree has always been valued in Italy for its edible seeds, and as 

 their husks have been found in the refuse heaps of Roman encampments 

 in Britain, they would appear to have been sent over for the use of the army 

 in occupation. Young plants are apt to be cut by severe frosts, and transplant 

 badly if allowed to remain more than two or three years in one place. The 

 solitary, very glaucous needles about i in. long, characteristic of seedling 

 one- or two-year-old plants are frequently to be observed on scattered shoots 

 over much older plants. Amongst two-leaved pines this is well distinguished 

 by its habit, its large rounded cones* and by the fringed scales of the 

 winter bud. 







P. PONDEROSA, Douglas. WESTERN YELLOW PINE. 



A tree occasionally over 200 ft. high in nature, with a perfectly erect, 

 columnar trunk sometimes 8 ft. thick, and comparatively short, often 

 deflexed branches, forming a columnar or slenderly tapered head. Young 



