PINUS . 193 



P. TUBERCULATA, Gordon. KNOB-CONE PINE. 



(P. attenuata, Lemmon ; P. californica, Hartweg.') 



A tree 20 to 50 ft. high in this country, occasionally twice as high in 

 a wild state ; young shoots smooth, bright brown ; buds cylindrical, 4 to 

 i in. long, to" in. wide, resinous. Leaves in threes, falling the third or 

 fourth year ; 4 to 7^ ins. long, slender, bright green, finely pointed, minutely 

 toothed ; leaf-sheath ^ to ^ in. long, persistent. Cones slenderly conical, 

 usually 4 to 5 ins. long, 2~ ins. wide at the oblique base ; deflexed, with 

 the scales near the base on the upper side developing the conical, spine- 

 tipped knobs or prominences referred- to in the popular name ; the cones are 

 produced in whorls of three or more, and persist on the branches for sometimes 

 thirty or forty years, or until the death of the tree. At first they have a stalk 

 | in. long, which gradually becomes enclosed in the thickening branch. 



Native of Oregon and California; discovered and introduced in 1847 

 by Hartweg. It has no special merits as an ornamental tree, although 

 on account of its long persisting cones it is a very interesting one. On 

 a piece of branch, 4 ft. long, from a tree grown at Bayfordbury and now 

 preserved at Kew, there are over forty cones. It is botanically allied to 

 P. radiata, but differs in the larger, stiffer, grey-green leaves and narrower 

 cones. It is also a hardier tree, and, according to Jepson, inhabits the 

 most desolate and inhospitable stations for tree growth in the Californian 

 mountains. As may be judged from the life-history of its cones, it is 

 admirably adapted to survive as a species on fire-swept zones. (See also 

 P. miiricata.'} 



P. VIRGINIANA, Miller. JERSEY PlNE, SCRUB PlNE. 

 (P t inops, Solander.} 



A tree 30 to 50 ft. high, but often of scrubby habit ; young shoots covered 

 with a vivid, pale, purplish bloom, smooth. Leaves in pairs, falling the third 

 year ; ii to 3 ins. long, twisted and curved ; leaf-sheath persistent, ^ in. long. 

 Cones \\ to 2^- ins. long, i to ij ins. wide at the base, conical, prickly. 



Native of Eastern N. America ; introduced early in the eighteenth 

 century or perhaps before. Of all really hardy species this has, perhaps, 

 less to be said in its favour as a tree for gardens than any. Apparently 

 the best tree in the country is one at Bayfordbury, planted in 1842, now 

 nearly 50 ft. high. The brightly coloured, slender young shoots of this 

 species distinguish it among pines with short leaves in pairs. P. echinata, 

 with slender, glaucous shoots, has its leaves often in threes. 



P. YUNNANENSIS, Franchet. YUNNAN PlNE. 



(Gardeners' Chronicle, 1905, ii., fig. 86.) 



A tree up to 100 ft. high in a wild state, with a trunk 8 to 12 ft. in girth J 

 young shoots yellowish brown ; buds cylindrical, brown, non-resinous, 

 with a slender pointed apex, to i|- ins. long, and fringed, linear scales. 

 Leaves in pairs or in threes, 6 to 9 ins. long, slender, much twisted and 

 contorted in young specimens, toothed on the margins, finely pointed ; 

 sheath f in. long. Cones shortly stalked, 4 to 5 ins. long, 2 to 3 ins. 

 wide before expanding, brown, remaining on the branches four or five years. 



Native of W. China and E. Thibet ; introduced by Wilson about 1909, and 

 only known in cultivation by quite young plants which appear very healthy 

 at present, but whose capability of withstanding severe frost has yet to be 

 ascertained. These young plants already shbw the mixture of two-leaved and 

 three-leaved bundles.' 



