300 PYRUS QUERCUS 



handsomely divided leaves (among the smallest in the mountain ash group), 

 the abundant clusters of pure white blossoms, and finally the fruits of a rosy, 

 not a scarlet, red, all give to this species an air of distinction. It is allied to, 

 an'd was at first associated with the Himalayan P. foliolosa a probably tender 

 species with much more woolly leaflets. 



P. ZUMI, Matsumura. 



(Malus Zumi, Rehder ; Sargent's Trees and Shrubs, i., t. 91.) 



A small tree of pyramidal habit ; young wood slightly downy. Leaves 

 ovate or oblong ; i^ to 3^ ins. long, f to i ins. wide ; tapering or rounded 

 at the base, smooth except when quite young ; stalks about i in. long. Flowers 

 pink in bud, becoming white after opening, i to ij ins. diameter, produced 

 in clusters of four to seven ; calyx-lobes woolly, especially inside ; flower- 

 stalks i to \\ ins. long. Fruit \ in. diameter, globose, red. 



Native of Japan ; introduced to N. America in 1892 by Sargent, and 

 thence to Kew in 1905. It is one of the group of Japanese crabs to which 

 P. Toringo and P. Sargenti belong, distinguished by small fruits marked at 

 the apex by the scar of the fallen calyx. It is said to be superior to P. Toringo 

 as a garden tree in the Arnold Arboretum, being covered there in May by 

 a mass of flowers, and in autumn by "attractive bright red fruits." It differs 

 from both its allies in its oblong leaves being only slightly or not at all 

 lobed, and from P. Sargenti in its wider flowers and less crowded petals. 

 The fruits are larger than the pea-like ones of P. Toringo. 



QUERCUS. OAK. CUPULIFER^. 



A large genus of evergreen and deciduous trees and shrubs, of which 

 nearly three hundred species are known. Sixty to seventy are in 

 cultivation. Leaves alternate, a spiral of five making one circuit of 

 the branchlet, frequently lobed somewhat deeply, but occasionally merely 

 toothed or even entire. The down on the leaves, etc., is mostly stellate. 

 / Male and female flowers occur on the same trees, but on separate in- 

 florescences. The males are numerous on pendulous (rarely erect) catkins, 

 small, green or greenish, forming sometimes tassel-like clusters ; females 

 few and quite inconspicuous. The most distinctive feature of the oak 

 is its fruit, which consists of a usually egg-shaped or rounded nut (acorn), 

 the lower part of which is more or less enclosed by a cup covered with 

 woody, sometimes fringe-like scales. The acorn frequently takes two 

 seasons to mature. The nearest allies of the oaks are the sweet chest- 

 nuts, beeches, and hazels. One .group PASANIA to which densiflora, 

 glabra, and cuspidata belong, is sometimes kept apart as a distinct genus. 

 The oaks are amongst the finest of the large trees of temperate regions. 

 The two native of Britain, Q. pedunculata and Q. sessiliflora, are the 

 largest and longest lived of our deciduous trees, and produce the most 

 valuable timber. Nor are they surpassed in rugged beauty and strength. 

 Their maximum duration of life is probably not less than one thousand 

 years. For some reason the planting of oaks in parks and gardens has 

 fallen into desuetude in recent times. Beyond a few coloured or varie- 

 gated sorts they are now stocked by very few nurserymen, who cannot, 



