ROSA 423 



2^ ins. across, deep purplish rose, fragrant, produced in clusters on glandular 

 sfalks ; sepals i to li- ins. long, long-pointed, glandular and downy. Fruit 

 red, globose, or orange-shaped, ^ in. wide, glandular-hairy, with the sepals 

 fallen away. 



Native of Eastern N. America ; introduced in 1726. This pretty rose is 

 useful for forming close thickets in the wilder parts of the garden or in thin 

 woodland, flowering from June to August. In good ground it spreads rapidly 

 by underground suckers. It is similar in habit to R. virginiana (lucida) and 

 humilis, but is easily distinguished from both by its finely toothed leaflets, 

 the absence of any bristly spines on the stems, and from virginiana especially 

 by the dull green of its leaves. 



Var. NUTTALLIANA. Flowers larger, and produced up to September 

 some weeks later than the type. Put in commerce by Messrs Paul of 

 Cheshunt about 1893. 



R. CENTIFOLIA, Linnaus. CABBAGE ROSE. 



(R. gallica var. centifolia, Crepin.} 



A shrub up to 6 ft. in height, whose erect stems are armed with numerous 

 prickles, the larger ones hooked. Leaflets five, of firm, even leathery texture, 

 broadly oval, sometimes coarsely toothed, and markedly glandular on the 

 mar.gins and on the common stalk. Flowers very fragrant, borne in clusters, 

 nearly always double, the numerous petals erect and overlapping like the 

 leaves of a cabbage, red ; sepals I to \\ ins. long, pinnately lobed and, like 

 the calyx-tube and flower-stalk, covered with sticky glands. Fruit rounded 

 or oblong, never pear-shaped. 



The origin of the cabbage rose is not definitely known. It is one of 

 the most ancient of garden roses, and one of those mentioned by Pliny. 

 From damascena it is best distinguished by its glandular-toothed leaflets, 

 the erect, very glandular, never reflexed sepals, and roundish or oblong fruit. 

 It is, no doubt, closely related to R. gallica, which differs from it by its erect, 

 stiff flower-stalks, its low habit, and smaller prickles. 



Var. MUSCOSA (R. muscosa, Miller}. Moss Rose. The mossy character 

 of the flowers of this loveliest of roses is due to the excessively glandular, 

 much-divided sepals and flower-stalk. The leaf-stalk also is of a similar 

 character. 



Var. PROVINCIALIS (R. provincialis, Miller]. Provence Rose. This is 

 usually regarded as a form of centifolia, but its origin is probably not quite 

 the same. It differs in the more open and not so many-petalled flowers with 

 less glandular sepals. 



R. CINNAMOMEA, Linnceus. 



A strong-growing bush, 6 to 9 ft. high, stems erect, much branched near 

 the top, with usually a pair of hooked prickles at the base of the leaf-stalks, 

 and numerous others scattered on the stems, especially near the ground. 

 Leaflets usually five or seven, oblong or slightly obovate, I to \\ ins. long ; 

 simply toothed except towards the base, greyish and smooth or slightly 

 hairy above, downy and glaucous beneath. Flowers produced on often quite 

 unarmed shoots, either s'ngly or few in a cluster, of varying shades of red, 

 2 ins. across ; stalks short and, like the calyx-tube, smooth ; sepals entire, 

 woolly at the edges. Fruit globose, or slightly elongated, red, ^ in. wide, 

 crowned by erect sepals. 



Native of Europe, Siberia, and N. China ; cultivated in England for over 

 three hundred years, but not, as was once believed, a native. The flowers 

 have a somewhat spicy odour, from which the species derives its name. 



