RUBUS 455 



longer cultivated, white-stemmed raspberries this is by far the most effective, 

 although it is no doubt equalled by some of the newer Chinese species (see 

 Giraldianus and lasiostylus). Its flowers are of little consequence, being 

 small and of little beauty. It should be raised from seed (which ripens 

 here), and planted in groups of not less than half a dozen. The soil should 

 be a good loam, the aim being to produce stout thick stems, for the stouter 

 they are, the whiter and more persistent is their waxy covering. After the 

 previous year's stems have flowered and borne fruit, they should be cut away 

 (usually about August) leaving only the virgin growths of the year. During 

 autumn and winter a group of this Rubus makes one of the most striking 

 plant pictures in the open air. 



Y:ir. QVIXQUEFLORUS. A vigorous Chinese form introduced by Wilson 

 in 1907, with the terminal inflorescence composed most frequently of five 

 (sometimes up to eight) flowers. In the type they are usually two or three. 



R. OESIUS, Linnceus. DEWBERRY. 



A deciduous shrub, with slender creeping stems, prickly, and covered 

 with a whitish bloom when young. Leaves usually composed of three leaflets 

 which are green on both sides. Flowers white, in small clusters. Fruit 

 composed of a few large carpels, covered with a blue-white bloom when ripe. 



This is one of the British brambles easily distinguished from all the forms 

 of common blackberry by the few but large " pips }; composing the fruit, and 

 by their being covered, like the young stems, with a white or bluish bloom. 

 It is common in Britain and over Europe, extending into N. Asia. Of no 

 value for gardens. 



R CANADENSIS, Linnceus. Low BLACKBERRY. 



(Bot. Mag., t. 8264 ; R. Milbpaughii. Britton.} 



A deciduous shrub, with erect or arching stems 6 to 8 ft. high, smooth, 

 unarmed, or furnished with a few short prickles. Leaves long-stalked, 

 composed of five leaflets arranged as in the horse-chestnut, quite smooth on 

 both surfaces except for inconspicuous tufts of down in the vein-axils beneath; 

 leaflets lanceolate, 2\ to 6 ins. long, \\ to 2 ins. wide, long- pointed, rounded 

 or slightly heart-shaped at the base. The terminal leaflet has a stalk I to 

 i| ins. long, the middle pair have stalks about half as long, whilst the basal 

 pair are scarcely stalked at all. The leaflets are occasionally reduced to three. 

 Flowers white, i in. across, borne in downy racemes which terminate short 

 shoots from the previous year's wood; each flower has a slender, downy stalk 

 i in. long. Fruit black, juicy. 



Native of Eastern N. America. This blackberry flowers in June and is 

 then very pretty, the upper part of the previous year's stems being crowded 

 with racemes of white flowers. 



R. CHROOSEPALUS, Focke. 



A large, semi-evergreen, straggling shrub, with round, slender, smooth 

 steins armed with short, decurved prickles. Leaves simple, heart-shaped, 

 with a long tapering apex, 3 to 7 ins. long, more than half as wide ; the 

 margins very finely and sharply toothed, and often scalloped into a few 

 broad, very shallow lobes; . f firm texture; smooth above, but conspicuously 

 silvery beneath with a close felt; stalks smooth, i to 2i ins. long, with one or 

 two spines. Flowers borne in a terminal panicle, 6 to 9 ins. long; each 

 flower i in. across with no petals, but a coloured, downy calyx. Fruit black, 

 small, and of poor flavour. 



