586 THUYA 



which spoil rather than improve the shrub. Both these varieties were 

 introduced in 1861. 



T. JAPONICA, Maximowicz. JAPANESE ARBOR-VITy. 



(T. Standishii, Carriere ; Thujopsis Standishii, Gordon.) 



An evergreen tree rarely more than 15 to 25 ft. high in the British Isles, 

 but said to grow thrice that height in Japan, of rather open habit, pyramidal, 

 slow-growing ; bark reddish, peeling. Branches curved upwards at the 

 ends; branchlets drooping; ultimate subdivisions about ^ in. wide, flattened, 

 aromatic when crushed. Leaves scale-like, about m. long, the lateral 

 pairs with their edges turned inwards and clasping the flatter ones above and 

 below the twig, blunt, thickened and incurved towards the apex; rather pale 

 yellowish green on the upper side the twig, glaucous on the lower side, 

 except at the points. Cones oblong, |- in. long, composed of about ten 

 broadly oval, overlapping scales, two pairs only of which bear seeds. 



Native of Japan; introduced by Fortune for Standish of Ascot in 1860. 

 Fortune only saw it as a cultivated tree about Tokyo, and it was not until 

 about 1878 that it was discovered wild by Maries on the mountains of the 

 Central Island. This Thuya has the most open branching of the cultivated 

 species and (with the exception of T. dolabrata) the coarsest branchlets. It 

 is a distinct and handsome evergreen. The odour of the crushed young 

 spray resembles that of Eucalyptus. 



T. OCCIDENTALS, Linnceus. ARBOR-VIT^. 



An evergreen tree, 50 to 60 ft. high, with a trunk 2 to 3 ft. in diameter; 

 in cultivation a pyramidal shrub or tree rarely more than half as high ; 

 branches usually upturned towards the end; branchlets three or four times 

 pinnate, the ultimate subdivisions much flattened, -^ to x \ in. wide, ^.eaves 

 scale-like, about ^ in. long, the lateral ones pointed, prominently keeled 

 and overlapping the middle ones ; they are a dull yellowish green above, 

 paler and grey green beneath (not with whitish patches, as in T. plicata), the 

 middle ones beneath are furnished with a raised roundish gland in the 

 centre. Cones about ^ in. long, egg-shaped, with eight or ten scales. 



Native of Eastern N. America, from Nova Scotia to Virginia, usually on 

 swampy or moist ground. It has been cultivated in English gardens since 

 the sixteenth century, but is not in the first rank of conifers, being often 

 thin in habit (especially on dry soils) and dull in colour, frequently putting 

 on a yellowish brown appearance in winter. It often grows slowly. For 

 forming evergreen shelter hedges, especially in nursery grounds, it has proved 

 very useful. As an ornamental evergreen for gardens, it is much inferior to 

 T. plicata or Cupressus Lawsoniana. Very numerous forms of garden origin 

 have been named, only a few of which need mention here. In all its forms 

 this Thuya has a distinctive, heavy, rather acrid odour when rubbed or 

 crushed. 



Var. BUCHANAN!. Branchlets very slender, with the subdivisions thin 

 and far apart. 



Var. CRISTATA. Dwarf, very distinct in the penultimate subdivisions 

 being curiously curved like a. cock's comb, the ultimate divisions often 

 developed on one side only. 



Var. DUMOSA. Dwarf and rounded, rarely more than 2 ft. high. (Vars. 

 globosa, minima, and pygmaea are similar.) 



Var. ELLWANGERIANA. An inelegant lanky shrub with slender, curving 

 branches, some of which bear typical leaves, others the needle-like leaves of 



