THUYA 587 



the seedlings, in. long, still others with both. Shrubs over forty years old 

 retain this dimorphic character. 



Var. ERICOIDES. In this the whole of the foliage is needle-like and of 

 the juvenile or seedling type; the plant always remains a dwarf rounded 

 shrub, glaucous in summer, brown in winter. Known in gardens as 

 Retinispora dubia. It has an odour similar to that of the type. 



Var. LUTEA. Young branchlets yellow the first summer and winter, 

 becoming green the second year. 



Var. PLICATA (not to be confused with T. plicata or gigantea). Branches 

 rigid, and arranged in the vertical plane as in T. oriental is. Leaves brownish 

 green, very glandular. 



Var. SPATHII. A curious dwarfed form, with erect branches distinctly 

 four-sided, the upper ones with juvenile, awl-shaped leaves. 



Var. VER/WENEANA. Branchlets and spray golden yellow at first, brownish 

 in winter, green the second year. Dwarfer in habit and deeper in colour 

 than lutea. 



Var. WARE AN A. Raised by Mr Ware at Coventry more than sixty years 

 ago; dwarf, dense in habit, the branchlets often vertical as in var. plicata but 

 of a brighter green. 



T. ORIENTALIS, Linnceus. CHINESE ARBOR-VIT^:. 



(Biota orientalis, Endlicher.} 



A shrub or small tree, 30 to 40 ft. high, very distinct among the Thuyas 

 and cypresses by reason of the more of less erect or upward-curving branches 

 bearing the spray or branches in the vertical plane, and in being of the same 

 colour on both sides. There are two distinct types in cultivation : the one 

 tall, somewhat columnar, and comparatively thin-branched, sometimes called 

 var. pyramidalis; the other a dense, rounded or broadly pyramidal shrub 

 with numerous branches springing from near the ground. The latter is the 

 more effective for gardens. Ultimate subdivisions of the branchlets ^ in. 

 wide, flattened; green on both sides. Lateral leaves with their edges over- 

 lapping the middle ones, about ^ in. long, scale-like; middle ones grooved; 

 all marked with numerous white stomata. Cones roundish egg-shaped, f in. 

 long, erect, purplish; scales six, rarely eight, thick and woody, with a hooked, 

 horn-like boss near the apex Seeds wingless. 



Native of N. and W. China; cultivated in Europe since the first half "of 

 the eighteenth century. The dense-growing, broader, and more shrubby 

 form is a very effective garden plant, easily known by the yellow-green, 

 flattened spray set up edgewise and, in healthy plants, densely packed. It 

 likes a good loamy soil, and is more likely to suffer from drought than from 

 cold. At the same time it should not be exposed on bleak situations. 

 Numerous varieties are offered for sale, many of but little value. The 

 following are the most notable : 



Var. AUREA. Branchlets yellow-tipped in summer. 



Var. DECUSSATA (Biota Sieboldii, Gardeners' Chronicle, Feb. 18, 1888, 

 p. 36). A dense pyramidal shrub with erect branches and terete branchlets 

 bearing awl-shaped leaves in opposite, decussate pairs. A juvenile form of 

 the same type as var. pendula, but witfi erect, more slender shoots and 

 smaller, juniper-like leaves, turning brownish in winter. 



Var. ERICOIDES (Retinispora ericoides). Leaves soft, glaucous, linear, 

 to in. long. A juvenile state of the same type as Cupressus pisifera 

 squarrosa. It differs from T. occidentalis var. ericoides in odour. 



Var. MELDENSIS. Foliage mostly juvenile and blue green, but partly 

 adult. 



Var. PENDULA. The most remarkable but least ornamental of all the 



