604 TSUGA 



TSUGA. HEMLOCK FIRS. CONIFERS. 



A group of eight or nine evergreen trees of great beauty and elegance, 

 represented on both sides of N. America, in China, Japan, and the 

 Himalaya. They have very slender twigs, and short linear leaves, 

 arranged, except in one species (T. Pattoniana), mainly in two opposite 

 ranks, each leaf seated on a cushion-like projection (as in Picea), and 

 closely set on the twigs twelve to twenty-four to the inch. Cones 

 solitary, rarely more than i in. long, and usually pendulous at the end 

 of the twigs. Seeds winged. In places where they thrive, which is 

 where the rainfall is abundant and the soil is deep and well-drained, they 

 are not exceeded in beauty of form by any other evergreen trees. They 

 are bet propagated by means of seed ; but the Japanese and Chinese 

 species, perhaps the others also, can be propagated by cuttings. 



T. ALBERTIANA, Sentdauze. WESTERN HEMLOCK. 



(T. Mertensiana, Carnere ; T. heterophylla, Sargent.") 



A tree up to 200 ft. high, of pyramidal habit, with a reddish brown trunk 

 4 to 6 ft. in diameter; young shoots very slender and leafy, downy with 

 intermingled hairs, which are still perceptible on shoots five or six years 

 old. Leaves j to in. long, ^ to ^ in. wide; linear, of uniform width, 

 rounded at the ends, shortly stalked, toothed at the margins; glossy dark 

 green above, the midrib sunken ; nearly covered beneath with dull grey-white 

 stomata. Cones not stalked, oblong-conical, f to i in. long, ^ in. wide 

 before expanding; scales broadly obovate, rounded, often with a minute, 

 velvety down on the outer surface. 



Native of Western N. America from California to Alaska; introduced 

 in 1851, It thrives remarkably well in good soil and a moist climate, such 

 as W. Wales, Devonshire, and in Perthshire, where there are many fine 

 specimens approaching (some now perhaps exceeding) 100 ft. in height. 

 It always forms a graceful, tapering, conical tree with the extremities of the 

 branches drooping, and is one of the most pleasing of evergreens; but it is 

 worthless on dry hungry soil. The distinctions between this species and 

 T. canadensis are noted under the latter. 



T. BRUNONIANA, Carriere. HIMALAYAN HEMLOCK. 



(Gard. Chron., 1886, ii., fig. loi ; Abies Brunoniana, Lindley.~) 



A tree 120 ft. high in a wild state, of cedar-like habit, with spreading 

 branches pendulous at their extremities; young shoots downy on the upper side. 

 Leaves linear, J'to i ins. long, ^ to ^ in. wide; blunt at the apex, shortly 

 stalked, minutely toothed; dark green above, with the midrib deeply sunk, 

 the lower surface silvery white, being almost entirely covered with stomata. 

 Cones not stalked, egg-shaped, f to i in. long; scales roundish, downy at 

 the base outside. 



Introduced in 1838 from the Himalaya, where, twelve years later, Sir 

 Joseph Hooker found it with a trunk sometimes 28 ft. in girth. In this 

 country, according to Elwes, the best specimen is at Boconnoc, in Cornwall 

 about 55 ft. high. The finest I have seen is at Fota, a beautiful rounded 



