606 TSUGA 



century. This beautiful tree thrives very well in the moister parts of our 

 islands, especially where the soil is good and retentive of moisture. There 

 are good specimens in the west of England, and I have also seen excellent 

 ones at Murthly, and elsewhere in Perthshire. The tree as grown in this 

 country has a strong propensity to branch into several stems near the 

 ground, and to form a large rounded head of, branches very distinct from 

 the slenderly tapered form of T. Albertiana. From that species it is also 

 distinct in the usually (not invariably) tapered leaf, in the much more 

 clearly defined, whiter lines beneath, and in the cones being shortly 

 stalked (stalkless in Albertiana). Visitors to Boston, Mass., have an 

 opportunity of conveniently inspecting a primaeval wood of hemlock, which 

 covers one of the hills in the beautiful Arnold Arboretum near that city. 

 Here they have formed clean straight trunks, one of which (it may not have 

 been the largest) I found in 1910 to be over 9 ft. in girth. 



Several varieties of the hemlock fir are cultivated, but none except var. 

 pendula possesses any particular merit. 



Var. ARGENTEA (albo-spica). Tips of the young shoots white. 



Var. PARVIFOLIA. A. thin-habited tree of little beauty, with tiny leaves 

 in. long, not or very slightly toothed. 



Var. PENDULA. A very attractive shrub or small tree forming a hemi- 

 spherical mass of pendulous branches, completely hiding the interior. 



Var. SARGENTII. Another pendulous form of more compact shape than 

 the preceding. Found about 1870 in the Fishkill Mountains, New York. 



T. CAROLINIANA, Engelmann. CAROLINA HEMLOCK. 

 (Card. Chron., 1886, ii., fig. 153.) 



A tree usually 40 to 50 ft. high; young shoots glossy, pale brown, downy 

 on the upper surface. Leaves linear, j to f in. long, mostly of uniform 

 width, rounded, and sometimes slightly notched at the apex; margins not 

 toothed; dark green above, with two bands of stomata beneath. The lower 

 leaves spread in two opposite ranks, but the shorter ones on the upper side 

 the branchlets are more or less erect. Cones shortly stalked, I to i| ins. 

 long; scales oblong, considerably longer than wide. 



Native of the south-eastern United States, where it has a restricted 

 habitat; introduced to Kew in 1886 from the Arnold Arboretum; first 

 discovered in a wild state in 1850. It has never succeeded really well, 

 although capable of withstanding severe cold. It is easily distinguished 

 from both canadensis and Albertiana by the much less downy twigs and by 

 the entire leaves of adult plants. Seedling plants have them toothed. 



T. CHINENSIS, Masters. 



(Abies chinensis, Franchet^) 



A tree whose young shoots are furnished, especially on the upper side, with 

 dense, short down. Leaves \ to in. long, ^ in. wide, linear or slightly 

 tapered towards the apex, minutely toothed on the margin (at least on young- 

 cultivated plants), dark glossy 1 green above ; paler beneath, with two narrow, 

 rather slim bands of white stomata ; stalk ^ in. long. Cones stalkless, erect, 

 ovoid, the scales bright as if varnished. 



Native of Szechuen in W. China ; discovered by Pere Farges ; introduced 

 about 1903 by Wilson, who found it at 9-11,000 ft. altitude. Adult trees 

 appear to have entire leaves. The young plants in cultivation are thriving 

 well. 



