TSUGA 607 



T. DIVERSIFOLIA, Masters. JAPANESE HEMLOCK. 



(Abies Tsuga var. nami, //or/.) 



A tree 70 or 80 ft. high in Japan, with red trunks 6 or 7 ft. in girth; young 

 shoots downy. Leaves \ to f in. long, ^ to ^ in. wide: linear, and of 

 uniform width, margins not toothed, distinctly notched at the apex, abruptly 

 tapered to a short stalk at the base; dark glossy green above, with two clearly 

 defined white lines of stomata beneath. Cones egg-shaped, \ to f in. long. 



Confined in a wild state to Japan, whence it was introduced in i86r by 

 John Gould Veitch, and subsequently distributed by his firm as Abies Tsuga 

 (or Sieboldii) var. nana. It is still found under that name in many gardens. 

 It is at once distinguished from T. Sieboldii by its closer habit and downy 

 shoots, its shorter leaves, and by always commencing to grow earlier in 

 spring. It is a neater, smaller tree in gardens than T. Sieboldii, although 

 Sargent observes (Forest Flora of Japan, p. 81) that in the great forest of it 

 covering the Nikko mountains at 5000 ft. altitude, it grows to great size. 

 T. Sieboldii has a more southern habitat. On account of its dainty habit 

 (it is more a shrub than a tree with us) it makes a very pleasing lawn plant, 

 especially in spring, whilst the young twigs are still bright yellow-green 



T. PATTONIANA, Sentclauze. PATTON'S HEMLOCK. 



(T. Hookeriana, Carriere ; T. Mertensiana, Sargent.) 



A tree 70 to over ico ft. high, the trunk 12 ft. or more in girth; bark red- 

 brown; young shoots downy. Leaves shortly stalked, set all round the 

 branchlet, although more crowded on the upper side, linear, curved; to i 

 in. long, -^ to ^ in. wide; rounded at the apex, margins not toothed; 

 sometimes grey-green, sometimes conspicuously blue-green. There are 

 inconspicuous lines of stomata on both surfaces. Cones without stalks, rich 

 purple when young, becoming red-brown; oval-cylindric, i| to 3 ins. long, 

 TT to f in. thick. 



Native of Western N. America from Alaska to California ; introduced 

 in 1854. It is distinguished from all other Tsugas by having stomata on both 

 surfaces of the leaf. There has arisen much confusion in regard to the 

 naming of this tree. It is represented in cultivation by two forms one of a 

 beautiful blue glaucous tint, which in gardens is usually called " Hookeriana"; 

 the other of a darker greener shade, and called " Pattoniana." The tree, 

 however, originally called " Abies " Pattoniana, appears to have been the blue 

 form, which is commonest in a wild state. There is no doubt they belong to 

 the same species, as there are intermediate degrees of blueness. The con- 

 fusion in the naming of this tree has been increased by the adoption of the 

 name "Mertensiana" (given to it by Bongard in 1832 in conjunction with 

 Pinus) by American authors. "Tsuga Mertensiana," Carriere, has been much 

 used in late years for T. Albertiana. 



In all its forms, but more especially the blue one, this tree is remarkably 

 beautiful. It likes a moist climate and a pure atmosphere. At Murthly 

 Castle, near Perth, there is a group of several trees (one with pendulous 

 branchlets) which makes one of the most beautiful garden pictures one can 

 imagine, produced by foliage alone. I saw them in 1906, when they ranged 

 from 40 to 50 ft. in height. 



Besides the greenish grey and glaucous forms of T. Pattoniana there 

 is a third form, which has green leaves, less than | in. long, minutely 

 toothed, and with the stomatic lines on the upper side imperfectly developed 

 (see article by A. Murray in The Garden, Sept. 19, 1874). Henry has called 

 this var. JEFFREYI, and says it is only known in cultivation. 



