612 ULMUS 



the south United States, where it is 40 to 50 ft. 'high; its young shoots 

 smooth, its leaves narrowly obovate or ovate-oblong, not downy above; ij 

 to 3 ins. long, ^ to i ins. wide ; doubly toothed, sharply pointed. Fruits 

 hairy, oval, in. long, in short-stalked clusters. The corky wings on the 

 branches are two in number and set on opposite sides. 



U, AMERICANA, Linnczus. AMERICAN or WHITE ELM. 



A tree up to loo or 120 ft. high, with a trunk 6 ft. or more in diameter, 

 forming in isolated positions a wide-spreading head of branches gracefully 

 pendulous at the ends, the whole as much in diameter as the tree is high; 

 bark ashy grey; young shoots slender, at first downy. Leaves ovate to 

 obovate or oval, contracted at the apex to a long, slender point; unequal at 

 the base, one side of the midrib being rounded, the other tapered; doubly 

 toothed; 4 to 6 ins. long, i to 3 ins. wide; downy beneath and at first some- 

 what hairy above; lateral veins up to about eighteen pairs; stalk about y in. 

 long. Fruit oval or obovate, nearly in. long, produced in short-stalked 

 clusters, beautifully fringed with pale hairs, the two incurved horns at the 

 apex meeting and forming a small aperture. 



Native of Eastern and Central N. America; introduced in 1752. The 

 American elm is one of the finest and most picturesque trees of its native 

 country, always marked by its beauty and grace of branching; but in Britain 

 it is a very rare tree. 



U. BELGICA, Burgsdorf. BELGIAN ELM. 

 (U. hollandic', Sp.t'-^ 



In the streets of Holland and Belgium is a very common tree, usually 

 called U. hollandica. It is, no doubt, a hybrid, of which U. montana is one 

 parent (and the one it more closely follows), U. nitens the other. As one 

 usually sees it, it is a clean-growing, erect-stemmed tree of pyramidal form, 

 but that is probably due to pruning. Naturally, it is said to assume a 

 broad head of branches. It has leaves up to 5^ ins. long, much the same 

 in character as those of U. montana, but with stalks often more than twice 

 as long. In some of the large continental nurseries this is grown for sale 

 more extensively than any other elm. Said to have first appeared in a 

 plantation at Bruges. It differs from U. montana in the young shoots 

 becoming smooth towards the end of the season, and being more slender, 

 also in the narrower leaf with a coarsely toothed, more elongated apex. 



U. CAMPESTRIS, Linnceus. ENGLISH ELM. 



(U. suberosa, Ehrhart ; U. surculosa, Stokes?) 



A tree up to 120, or even 150 ft. high, with a trunk 6 ft. or more in 

 diameter; young shoots hairy. Leaves roundish ovate, to broadly oval, very 

 unequal at the base, terminated by a short, abrupt point, coarsely and 

 doubly toothed; 2 to 3^ ins. long, about two-thirds as wide; dark green and 

 very harsh to the touch above; paler beneath and downy all over, with 

 conspicuous tufts of white down in the vein-axils, along the midrib, and at 

 the base of the chief veins of which there are ten to twelve pairs. Flowers 

 clustered closely to the branchlet, opening early in the year, reddish. Fruit 

 a round disk, \ in. across, not downy, bearing the seed close to the notch 

 at the top. 



In old books on trees the English elm is usually said to be a native of 



