614 ULMUS 



distinguished from the English elm by its thicker textured leaves with more 

 prominent veins beneath. It is quite fertile. Native of Europe from 

 Belgium to the Riviera and Switzerland. Probably a distinct species. 



U. CRASSIFOLIA, Nuttall. CEDAR ELM. 



A tree up to 80 ft. high in nature, but in cultivation in England very 

 slow-growing and forming a round-headed small tree; young shoots clothed 

 with fine, soft, very short down; winter buds often in pairs. Leaves ovate 

 to oblong, obliquely rounded or slightly heart-shaped at the base, bluntish 

 or rounded at the apex; f to 2 ins. long, to ij ins. wide; toothed (some- 

 times doubly), of firm rather hard texture; very harsh to the touch above, 

 more or less downy beneath; stalk ^ to \ in. long. Flowers produced in 

 clusters in the leaf-axils in August and later. Fruit \ in. long, oval, tapered 

 at both ends, deeply notched at the top, downy all over, especially on the 

 margin. 



Native of the southern United States and hardy at Kew, where it was 

 introduced by Prof. Sargent in 1876. Although quite healthy it increases 

 very slowly in height, and no doubt needs a hotter summer than ours to be 

 seen at its best. Sargent describes it as the " common elm tree of Texas." 

 Allied to U. crassifolia is 



U. SEROTINA, Sargent, first recognised as a distinct species in 1899. It 

 has the same habit of flowering in the axils of the leaves in autumn, but is 

 distinguished by the longer, larger, sharply pointed leaves of thinner texture, 

 but less harsh to the touch above; the oval fruits are \ to \ in. long, borne in 

 racemes i to i^ ins. long, and much more conspicuously fringed. It is a 

 native of the south-eastern United States, and was first sent to Kew by 

 Prof. Sargent in 1898. These two species in their habit of autumnal 

 flowering are allied to U. parvifolia (q.v.}. 



U. ELLIPTICA, Koch. CAUCASIAN ELM. 



Like U. pedunculata in its relationship to U. americana, this species 

 affords an example of close affinity between an Old World and a New 

 World elm. In many respects it does not differ from the following species 

 (U. fulva), although it is native of the Caucasus, Persia, Turkestan, and 

 W. Siberia. It differs in its less fissured bark and in the thinner, more 

 sharply toothed leaves. The fruit is obovate, to i in. long, and, like that 

 of U. fulva, is downy only on the part covering the seed; it is, however, 

 longer and not so round, and in shape is more like that of U. montana. 

 Trees under this name were introduced in 1891 and are quite hardy. The 

 tree grown as " U. Heyderi " belongs either t& this species or to U. fulva, 

 but Henry believes the true U. elliptica is not in cultivation. 



U. FULVA, MichdUX. SLIPPERY ELM. 

 .(U. rubra, Michauxfil.') 



A tree 60 to 70 ft. high, with a trunk up to 2 ft. thick, supporting a 

 spreading head of branches; young shoots very downy; winter buds J in. 

 long, covered with brown hairs. Leaves oblong-ovate, 3 to 8 ins. (some- 

 times in young trees 10 ins.) long, about half as wide, abruptly tapered to 

 a long, slender point, obliquely rounded at the base; jaggedly or doubly 

 toothed ; upper surface very harsh to the touch through minute excrescences; 

 lower surface downy; stalk j to ^ in. long. Flowers very short-stalked and 



