ULMUS 615 



crowded in clusters. Fruit orbicular or obovate, \- to f in. long, slightly 

 notched at the top, the part covering the seed (which is in the centre) coated 

 with red-brown hairs, naked elsewhere. 



Native of Central and Eastern N. America. This elm gets its popular 

 name from its mucilaginous inner bark. It thrives very well as a young 

 tree at Kew, making strong growths several feet long each summer. In the 

 size and roughness of the upper surface of the leaves, it resembles U. montana, 

 but the stalk is longer and the fruit distinct. Its specific name refers to 

 the brown hairy buds which, together with the hairy patch in the centre 

 of the fruit, well distinguish it. 



U. JAPONICA, Sargent. JAPANESE ELM. 



(U. campestris var. japonica, Sargent.) 



A tree up to no ft. high in Japan, forming, according to Sargent, broad 

 heads of graceful, pendent branches; young shoots very downy. Leaves 

 oval, inclined to obovate; 3 to 4^ ins. long, i^ to 2^ ins. wide; unequal at 

 the broadly tapered base, abruptly narrowed at the apex to a slender point, 

 rather coarsely toothed; furnished with stiff hairs above at first, afterwards 

 very harsh to the touch; lower surface clothed with pale down, especially 

 on the veins and midrib ; veins in fourteen to sixteen pairs, stalk about 

 % in. long. This elm was introduced in 1895 to the Arnold Arboretum where, 

 fifteen years later, I saw trees already 28 ft. high. In 1897 it was sent to 

 Kew. It has not yet flowered, and I only know the fruits from samples 

 collected near Sapporo, where the tree is much grown; they are obovate, 

 in. long, nearly ^ in. wide, tapered at the base, the seed being situated 

 close to the notch, the inner edges of which are edged with down. Else- 

 where the fruit is smooth. The young shoots are fawn-coloured. 



U. MAJOR, Smith. DUTCH ELM. 



A large tree up to 120 ft. in height, of somewhat open, thin branching 

 the branchlets often pendulous; trunk 4 to 5 ft. in diameter; young shoots 

 slightly hairy. Leaves oval or ovate, 2^ to 5 ins. long, i^ to 3 ins. wide; 

 taper-pointed, one side cordate at the base, and developed farther down the 

 stalk than the other side, which is tapered; upper surface dark shining 

 green, smooth or nearly so, the lower one also bright green, downy in the 

 vein-axils and along the midrib, nearly smooth elsewhere ; veins in ten 

 to fourteen pairs; stalk downy, J to f in. long. Fruit between ovate and 

 obovate, f to I in. long, with the seed close to the terminal notch. 



A British tree and probably a hybrid between U. montana and U. nitens. 

 It is quick-growing, and several fine specimens exist in the older part of 

 Kew Gardens. One of them when felled, I found to be 150 years old, 92 ft. 

 high, and 13 ft. 6 in. in girth. The sucker-like shoots produced directly 

 from the trunk are often corky. It produces enormous crops of seed, 

 infertile so far as I have seen. The botanical characters of this elm most 

 resemble those of U. nitens, but the leaves and fruit are much larger, and 

 the habit more open. 



Var. SERPENTINA, Henry. Usually placed as a pendulous form of 

 U. montana, this curious elm is apparently of hybrid origin. The branchlets 

 are curiously twisted and contorted as well as pendulous. In the ten to 

 fourteen pairs of veins, and in the down being chiefly confined to tufts 

 in the vein-axils and along the midrib and veins, it closely resembles 

 U. major. 



