618 ULMUS 



Var. LACINIATA, Trautvelter. This has three, sometimes five, very 

 conspicuous acuminate lobes at the broad apex of the leaves, which are 6 to 

 7 ins. long. It appears to be the same as the tree found wild in Japan, 

 Amurland, etc. 



Var. LIBERO-RUBRO. Inner bark purplish red. 



Var. LUTESCENS. Leaves yellow. 



Var. NANA. A dwarf rounded bush rarely more than 5 or 6 ft. high. 



Var. PENDULA, London. Branches stiffly pendulous, forming a low, 

 spreading, 'arbour-like tree, admirable as a lawn specimen. It should be 

 grafted high on the typical form. Originated early in the nineteenth 

 century, in a nursery at Perth. 



Var. PURPUREA. Leaves purple. The colour is more lasting in the form 

 called ATROPURPUREA. There are big-leaved forms known by such names 

 as gigantea, macrophylla, superba, etc., some of which are no doubt hybrids. 



U. NITENS, Moench. SMOOTH-LEAVED ELM. 



(U. glabra, Miller, not of Hudson.') 



A tree 100 ft. high, represented in Great Britain by several forms varying 

 in habit from slender, cone-shaped trees to beautifully pendulous-branched 

 ones. The typical form is a pyramidal tree, at least up to middle age, the 

 branches often corky, sometimes extremely so; young shoots almost or quite 

 without down in the adult tree, slender. Leaves obliquely oval or ovate, 

 doubly toothed, narrowing at the apex to a shortish point, very unequal at 

 the base (one side of the blade being tapered, the other rounded or semi- 

 cordate); r^ to 4 ins. long, I to 2 ins. wide; (on vigorous shoots considerably 

 larger) ; upper surface glossy green and smooth ; lower surface downy only 

 in the vein-axils or along the midrib; stalk to \ in. long ; veins in ten to 

 thirteen pairs. Flowers crowded in dense clusters close to the leafless shoot. 

 Fruit oval or obovate, smooth, \ to in. long, notched at the top, with the 

 seed close to the notch. 



Native of Europe and W. Asia, and one of the two undisputed species of 

 British elms. The other, U. montana, is amply distinguished by the seed 

 being in the middle of the fruit, by the very downy shoots and much larger, 

 downy leaves. The common elm, U. campestris, differs in its rounder leaf; 

 downy all over beneath and rough above. A tree at Madingley turns red 

 every autumn, but the usual decaying colour is yellow. 



Var. BERARDII. A very interesting little elm raised in the nursery 

 of Messrs Simon-Louis, near Metz, in 1863. Its leaves are oval, ^ to \\ 

 ins. long, J to in. wide, with four to seven coarse triangular teeth down 

 each side ; smooth on both surfaces. The slender twigs and leaf-stalks are 

 downy. The parent tree was said to be a large elm on the ramparts of 

 Metz, and judging by the smooth leaves of this variety it would appear to 

 have been U. nitens. It may, however, have been a hybrid. 



Var. PENDULA, Rehder. A tree with pendulous branches, very vigorous, 

 and large-leaved; makes a handsome Specimen isolated on a lawn. 



Var. SUBEROSA. Cork-barked Elm. Like the. type in leaf, but of stiff, 

 spreading, low habit, the branches two or more years old becoming furnished 

 with usually four conspicuous, corky ridges. . It has to be noticed, however, 

 that the corkiness of the branches is often noticeable in a greater or less 

 degree in what we regard as the typical U. nitens, and if seeds of the most 

 suberous tree were sown, it is probable that there would appear many ordinary 

 U. nitens among them. Common in forests of Central Europe. 



Var. VARIEGATA. Leaves marked more or less copiously with white, 

 especially on the margin. 



Var. WEBBIANA. Leaves small, rounded; habit columnar. 



