ULMUS 619 



U. PARVIFOLIA, Jacquin. 



(U. chinensis, Persoon^) 



A small tree up to 40 ft. high, with a slender trunk supporting a rounded 

 head of branches; branchlets very slender, clothed with a close, minute, grey 

 down; winter buds small, conical. Leaves leathery, f to 2^ ins. long, ^ to i^- 

 ins. wide; oval, ovate or obovate; unequally rounded at the base (or one side 

 of the midrib tapered); pointed, the margins rather evenly toothed, the teeth 

 triangular, often blunt; upper surface lustrous green, and smooth on the 

 smaller twigs, rather rough on vigorous shoots; lower surface pale, bright 

 green, with tufts of down in the vein-axils, or smooth; stalk ^ to j in. long, 

 downy, veins in 'ten to twelve pairs. Flowers produced in September and 

 October in the leaf-axils. Fruit ovate-oval, 3- in. long, not downy. 



Native of N. and Central China and Japan. This tree retains its leaves 

 until the New Year quite fresh and green, and is well worth growing for 

 its elegance. It is sometimes confused with U. pumila in gardens, but 

 that species flowers in spring. From the other autumn-flowering elms 

 U. crassifolia and U. serotina it is distinct in retaining its leaves so late, in 

 the almost complete absence of down from beneath the leaves, and in their 

 brighter smoother surfaces. Introduced in 1794. 



U. PEDUNCULATA, Fougeroux. SPREADING ELM. 



(U. Isevis, Pallas; U. effusa, Willdenow.) 



A tree over 100 ft. high, with a trunk up to 6 ft. in diameter, supporting 

 a wide-spreading, rather open head of branches; bark brownish grey; young 

 shoots clothed with grey down, at least at first. Leaves obliquely obovate, 

 215- to 5 ins. long, rather more than half as wide; with double incurved teeth 

 at the margins; the base very unequal, being rounded at one side of the 

 midrib, abbreviated and tapered at^the other; the apex narrowed abruptly 

 to a slender point ; bright green, smooth, or slightly harsh above, usually 

 clothed beneath with a dense grey down; side veins up to eighteen pairs; 

 stalk to J in. long. Fruit oval, about ^ in. long, fringed with pale hairs, 

 and having two incurved horns at the apex; the fruits are borne on slender 

 pendulous stalks in crowded clusters. 



Native of Central and E. Europe, but very closely allied in botanical 

 characters to U. americana, from which it is indeed difficult to distinguish it. 

 It thrives better in this country, and the leaves seem more uniformly downy, 

 more unequal at the base, and more frequently broadest above the middle ; 

 the winter buds are more elongated and sharply pointed. Of European elms 

 it most resembles U. montana, but is easily distinguished by the smoother, 

 smaller leaves, and especially by the fringed samara (fruit). There is a fine 

 tree at Syon, 90 ft. high, and 12 ft. 8 ins. in girth, long regarded as U. 

 americana, and certainly possessing the characteristic form of the New 

 World tree. 



U. PUMILA, Linnceus. DWARF ELM. 



A small tree, 10 to 30 ft. high, sometimes a shrub. Leaves oval or ovate- 

 lanceolate, acute to acuminate at the apex, tapered or rounded at the base, 

 and not unequal-sided there as elms usually are; rather coarsely toothed 

 except at the base ; f to 2^ ins. long, \ to I in. wide ; dark green and 

 quite glabrous (or with minute tufts of down in the vein-axils) beneath; stalk 

 downy, ^ to \ in. long. Flowers borne on the naked shoots in spring, 



