692 ZANTHOXYLUM 



armed with broad, flat spines to f in. long. Leaves pinnate, 3 to 5, 

 sometimes 9 ins. long, aromatic; leaflets seven to eleven, broadly ovate, 

 | to i^ ins. long, slightly toothed; there are often a few spiny bristles on the 

 upper surface, also on the midrib below ; the main-stalk is armed beneath 

 with short spines, also above, where the leaflets are attached. The inflor- 

 escence is a small panicle produced at the end of short, axillary twigs. 

 Fruit reddish, with dark dots. 



Native of China; introduced to Kew in 1869. One of the hardiest of 

 the genus. 



Z. PIPERITUM, De Candolle. JAPAN PEPPER. 



A compact, rounded, deciduous shrub; young shoots more or less downy 

 when young, armed with flattish spines \ in. long arranged in pairs at each 

 node/ Leaves pinnate, from 3 to 6 ins. long, with eleven to twenty-three 

 leaflets, the main-stalk downy, having a few small spines' on the lower side, 

 and slightly winged. Leaflets f to i-^ ins. long, ovate, stalkless, slightly 

 toothed, witrj an occasional prickle on the midrib which is also downy 

 above; dark green, but often yellow in the centre when young. Flowers in 

 panicles 2 ins. long at the end of short axillary twigs; small, green. Seeds 

 black, about the size of large shot. 



Native of China and Japan, this shrub is, on the whole, the prettiest of 

 these hardy species. Its neat, bushy habit and graceful foliage consisting 

 of numerous small leaflets, render it quite distinct among hardy shrubs. It 

 most nearly resembles Z. schinifolium, but is easily distinguished by having 

 its spines in pairs. It is said to occasionally become a small tree in Japan. 

 The seeds when ground are used by the Japanese as pepper. 



Z. PLANISPINUM, Siebola. 



A deciduous shrub up to 12 ft. high, with glabrous, spiny branches; spines 

 in pairs, thin, broad and flat at the base, f in. long, shining. Leaves 5 to 

 10 ins. long, trifoliolate or pinnate, with usually three or five, sometimes 

 seven or even nine, leaflets, the main-stalk distinctly winged, often f in. 

 wide. Leaflets increasing in size towards the end of the leaf, the terminal 

 one largest and as much as 5 ins. long; others are only half as iong; 

 ovate or lanceolate, finely toothed, acuminate. Flowers yellowish, in small 

 panicles i ins. long produced from the leaf-axils in spring. Fruit red, 

 warted; seeds black, shining, about the size of large shot. 



Native of China and Japan, and nearly allied to the Z. ALATUM, Roxburgh, 

 found in the Himalaya. Probably they are geographical forms of one 

 species. The late Daniel Hanbury recorded the existence of a specimen 

 12 ft. high in his garden at Clapham. It is easily recognised among the 

 other hardy species by its very distinctly winged main leaf-stalk and broad 

 spines. Although deciduous, it will in mild seasons retain its leaves up to 

 Christmas fresh and green. After a hot summer it bears the red fruit freely, 

 and is then very handsome. It suffers in severe winters. 



Z. SCHINIFOLIUM, Siebold. 



A deciduous shrub, whose glabrous branches are armed with solitary 

 spines up to \ in. long. Leaves .pinnate, 3 to 7 ins. long, spiny on the main- 

 stalk, and composed of eleven to twenty-one leaflets, which are f to i| ins. 

 long, lanceolate, shallowly toothed, nearly or quite smooth, deep green 

 above, paler beneath. Flowers in a terminal flattish cluster, 2 to 4 ins. 

 across; each flower about in. across. Fruit green; seeds blue. 



