Description of Native Trees 



160. Black Spruce. (Picea mariana.) 



LEAF : >^'-^', 4-angled, apex sharp, dark green or with white 

 bloom, growing from all sides of branch. CONE : oval or long- 

 ovate, i'-i}4' long, hanging two or three years ; scales with up- 

 per edge often slightly eroded. Northern New England and 

 New York, and along the Alleghanies. 



161. Red Spruce. (Picea rubens.) 



LEAF : %'-^' ', 4-angled, apex sharp, dark glossy green when 

 mature, growing from all sides of branch. CONE : ij^'-2', long- 

 ovate, not hanging over winter; a little more southerly than black 

 spruce, of which it is perhaps a variety. 



162. Norway Spruce. (Picea excelsa.) 



LEAF : much as in white spruce (159), but tree identified by 

 conspicuous drooping of branchlets, especially in older trees, and 

 by great length of cones (4' -6') ; introduced, but becoming spon- 

 taneous. 



163. Hemlock. Hemlock Spruce. (Tsuga canadensis.) 



LEAF : about %.',Jlat, apex rounded, pliant, mostly 2-ranked, 

 ?.^., growing on two opposite sides of branch. CONE: j'-^', 

 oval, remains through one winter ; commonest northward. (PI. 

 XV.) 



164. Balsam Fir. Balm of Gilead Fir. (Abies balsamea.) 



LEAF: ^'-i',yfo/, apex usually pointed, pliant, not 2,-ranked, 

 as in hemlock. CONE : 2'~4', cylindrical, erect on branch (in 

 other evergreens it droops) ; trunk thickly blistered, exuding an 

 aromatic gum. South to Pennsylvania, and along Alleghanies ; 

 prefers damp woods. 



165. Southern Balsam Fir. (Abies fraseri.) 



LEAF : as in 164 ; chief difference in the cone, which is only 

 i'-2' long, and long-ovate. Mountains of Pennsylvania and Vir- 

 ginia. 



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