30 TRICIIOLOOIA MAMMALIUM; 



best possible that can be imagined, for forming, when the lids are partly closed, a com- 

 plete obstruction to the admission of insects, &c., and yet when the lids are open, no way 

 shutting out the light. 



Fig 26 a represents an eye-lash of a lad of fourteen years, belonging to the oval-haired 

 species, where may be seen a well-shaped button, a neck, a swelled part, and another 

 portion gradually tapering to a point. 



No. 26 b represents another hair from the same place, where the shaft is drawn out of 

 the button, with a small piece of the tissue adhering. 



4. Hairs of the Nasal Fosses, (Vibrissee,) with their Buttons. Whole length, from \ to 

 \ an inch ; shape, oval ; diameter, -^ T by ^ T ; button, club-shaped, with sometimes a 

 neck between it and the shaft. Length of button, y^ ; diameter, ^| T of an inch ; shaft, 

 gradually tapering, greatest diameter, | T ; apex, rounded; diameter, y^Vir of an inch ; disk 

 exhibits a minute central white speck of the diameter of -g| T , that of the shaft being -%\^ of 

 an inch. 



Figure 27 represents one of these hairs, where may be seen the button sub-oval, a short 

 neck which appears to have been twisted; a, shaft with its t-~ Averse striae, and a trace 

 of coloring matter. 



5. The common Whisker Hair of Man and its Button. This word is sometimes confined 

 to the hair of the face from the temple to the chin, and at others includes that which grows 

 upon the upper lip, also called the moustaches. They belong to the category of the beard, 

 and must be carefully distinguished from the whiskers of some of the lower animals ; which, 

 as we have shown in chapter 1, are organs of tact. . 



6. Of the Beard and its Button. This portion of the pile of man is important, as it is 

 made, by some writers, one of the distinguishing characteristics of the oval-haired species. 

 Mr. Smith, for instance, describes " the bearded intermediate or Caucasian type," and tells 

 us it is so named because neither of the two other typical forms is distinguished by a well- 

 grown beard. (See Nat. Hist, of the Human Species, p. 368.) But the American Indian 

 plucks out his beard. 



Description of a Filament of Beard of the Hon. R****** F****. Length, 16 to 17 

 inches; shape, eccentrically elliptical; diameter, T |-g- by %%-$ of an inch. Button, club- 

 shaped, white, opaque ; length, fa ; diameter, ^- I , that of the shaft being ^\-$. Shaft, white, 

 opaque ; apex, pointed and sometimes furcated ; shaft, cortex, easily removed ; intermediate 

 fibres, white ; diameter, %fa ~o f an i ncn - Centre, white, J-g- of an inch in diameter. 



Figure 28 represents three shafts of beard of Dr. Burr, growing out of one button. It 

 was drawn from a small papula that made its appearance upon his chin, and when it was 

 drawn out, was succeeded by two more hairs similarly united. 



Of the Fashions of Wearing the Hair and Beard. Upon the different habits and 

 fashions of wearing the hair and beard, Goldsmith remarks : " That some, and among 

 others the Turks, cut the hair off their heads and let their beards grow. Europeans, on 

 the contrary, shave their beards and wear their hair. The negroes shave their heads in 

 figures; at one time in stars, at another in the manner of friars; and still more commonly 

 in alternate stripes ; and their little boys are shaved in the same manner. The Talapoins 



