OR, A TREATISE ON PILE. 33 



With 870 grains one inch stretched i-jj- of an inch, elasticity minus -/ ff 

 " 920 " " if " " " ^ 



'< Q7O " " 2 i " " " 1A 



y/u 90 97 



" 1,020 " |f If 



" 1,070 " ff " " if 



" 1,120 " |f " " " if 



" J,170 " ". f " " " f 



" 1 OOO " " 4.0. " " ' 23 



i,**W 90 ^0" 



" 1,270 " it broke. 



9. Hairs of the Limbs and their Button. These buttons vary much in length on 

 different individuals. 



Figure 31 a represents one of the forearm; where "a," is the button; ">," portions of 

 the follicle; "c," the shaft with its transverse stria?; " d," a portion of a disrupted vessel ; 

 "e," a part of the tissue torn out. 



A hair from the back of the hand has a length of 2 an inch; is in shape eccentrically 

 elliptical; greatest diameter, ^| T ; smallest, T i^; button, club-shaped; sometimes they are 

 somewhat hamate; the shaft tapers gradually, and in the centre is an interrupted, dark, 

 coloring matter; disk, exhibits an oval, white central spot. 



Of the downy Hairs of the body, (lanugo,) and their Buttons. The word "down " is from 

 the Danish "dunn," and means soft wool, or tender hair. Lanugo has the same meaning. 

 These downy hairs bear the same relation to larger hairs that down does to feathers. 

 They are of various lengths on different individuals. The buttons are sometimes club- 

 shaped, and at others pestle-shaped. 



It is probable that the button of pile is more perishable than the shaft; for, upon a lock 

 of Mexican mummy hair, which is otherwise in good preservation, not a vestige of a 

 button is to be seen. Fig. 32 a represents one of these hairs, and attention is called to 

 the singular shape of its posterior termination. 



On a hair belonging to a lock of a Peruvian mummy, which is represented in Fig. 32 b, 

 there is no button. 



In a lock of hair, expelled from the uterus, presented by Dr. Frost, of Charleston, South 

 Carolina, we could find no hair with a button. 



We have a lock of ovarian hair, presented by Professor Paul B. Goddard, M. D., of this 

 city. We found only two buttons; "and upon another lock of ovarian hair, presented by 

 Professor William E. Homer, M. D., late of this city, no button could be found. 



We have several hair-balls, found in the stomachs of Ruminants, the buttons upon the 

 hairs of which are few in number, and are generally diminutive in size, and distorted. 



Fig. 33 represents the ovarian hair first mentioned, where "a," is the button; "/;," the 

 shaft, exhibiting the scales of the cortex; "c," a white substance, which is probably the 

 remains of the sheath, with which it is invested. 



We have dwelt upon the button of pile, but not more than the importance of its study 

 demands, as will be made manifest in different parts of this work. 



Some general remarks as regards Buttons. 1. To have a button, is characteristic of an 

 ordinary hair of a healthy subject, and when it has arrived at maturity. 



