OK, A TKKAT1SE ON PI I.E. 159 



We acknowledge that we prefer the definitions of species given respectively by Van 

 Amringe and Mills; but we do not think that it would be hazarding too much to affirm, 

 that under almost any other definition of it, to be found in the books, the modification of 

 an animal from being entirely covered with hair to being entirely covered with wool, when 

 permanently native in its race, is sufficient ground for a specific distinction. 



That this is the case with the most perfect kind of animal known, we think we have 

 proven in " The Classification of Mankind by the Hair and Wool of their Heads," to which 

 we refer; and if we have, the argument from analogy, in regard to the two species of Sheep, 

 is irresistible; but even if it shall not be conceded that we have heretofore shown, by tl.e 

 hair and wool, that man is not confined to one species, we shall contend, and shall endea- 

 vor to prove, that there are two species of Sheep. 



" Species (says Van Amringe) is a constitutional organization in a race of animals, pro- 

 ducing a similarity of functions, in which they agree with all animals of the same genus 

 in generic character; but differ from races of the same genus, in modifications of generic 

 character, in regard to form, color, instincts, or intellectual power, and which we have 

 good reason to believe to be permanently native in the race." 



Now, in considering the permanent modifications of generic character, as regards form, 

 let us see whether naturalists, generally, have not been influenced by discrepancies of a 

 much less decided character than those which distinguish the hairy Sheep from the woolly 

 Sheep. 



The general similitude between the Horse and the Ass is very striking, the difference 

 between them (if we throw out of view a discrepancy in the dimensions of the head and 

 ears) consisting in the color and marking of the pile ; yet where is the naturalist who has 

 put them in the same species ? 



The Zebra, which has pretty much the same form as the Horse and the Ass, is placed 

 in another species, on account of the singular disposition of the colors of his hair. 

 ("Equus lineis transversis versicolor.") 



The Quagga, the Onagga, and the Dziggtai, between whom and the Horse and the Ass 

 there exists still slighter shades of difference, are all considered as distinct species. 



The two species of Camel are distinguished by the first having one, and the second 

 having two humps on the back, and they are never placed together.* 



There are two species of Rhinoceros, o.ne having one, and the other having two horns. 



There are several species of Deer-kind, which are known mainly by the difference in 

 the horns. 



Some species of Monkey are distinguished by the presence, and others by the absence of 

 the tail. 



Sloths are separated into species by the number of their toes. 



And in Peru there are tw T o species of Lizard, the only difference between which is, that 

 the one has an orifice in the thighs for the passage of a gland, which the other has not. 



* There are two species of Carabou, (Tarandus aroticus and T. hastalis,) the difference between them (according to Prof. 

 Baird) consisting in size, difference and dimensions of the antlers, the existence of a gall-bladder found in one and not in 

 the other, and different geographical distribution. (Sec Patent Office Keport uf 1851, p. 105.) 



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