TYPES AND MARKET CLASSES OF LIVE STOCK 113 



Heifers. The same conformation, quality, and condition 

 are demanded in prime heifers that have already been noted 

 as characteristic of prime steers. The only noteworthy differ- 

 ence is that of sex. (See Fig. 19.) Choice, good, and medium 

 heifers are similar to steers of the same grades. 



Cows. The prime grade includes a very small number 

 of strictly fancy, well-bred cows, in prime condition. Choice 

 cows are prime in condition, but are somewhat deficient in 

 quality. Good cows lack in both condition and quality, but 

 are fat enough to be reasonably good killers. Medium cows 



Fig. 28. Modern Western Range Cattle. 



These cattle were sired by purebred bulls and were fattened on grass. 

 In the background appears a scales-house where cattle are weighed to the 

 buyer when sold. 



are poor in form, low in condition, and deficient in quality. 

 This is the lowest grade suitable for block beef. 



Bulls and stags. There are very few choice bulls; the 

 supply is made up of good beef bulls which have become too 

 aged for further use as breeders. Bulls of the good grade lack 

 in quality and condition. Medium bulls are thin, long legged, 

 and coarse, and are just good enough to escape bologna or the 

 tin can. Very few stags come to market. They are classed 

 and graded the same as bulls. 



