TYPES AND MARKET CLASSES OF LIVE STOCK 



119 



Choice well fatted... 



Good fat 



Medium medium fat. . 



Common thin .... 



. 120-160 Ibs 6- 8 weeks 



.110-200 Ibs 6-10 weeks 



. 100-240 Ibs 5-^2 weeks 



. 80-450 Ibs wide range 



Milkers and Springers. 



These are cows and heifers of dairy type and breeding 

 which are sorted out of the run of cattle at the market and 

 sold to dairymen. They are sold by the head, whereas all other 

 classes of cattle are sold by the hundredweight. The only 

 difference between a milker and a springer is that the former is 

 in milk while the latter is heavy in calf and will freshen soon. 



Fig. 34. Medium Feeders. 



The springer gives evidence in her type, color, and mammary 

 development that she will be a useful milk cow after calving. 

 The value of this class of cattle depends partly on their age, 

 and this is determined from the teeth. 



Haw are cattle classed and graded? Persons who are not 

 familiar with the large markets sometimes ask by what method 

 the thousands of cattle arriving daily at the yards are divided 

 up into the various classes and grades. To reply that cattle 

 are classified according to the use made of them, while true, 

 is not a satisfactory answer, for another question then arises 

 as to who or what decides how they shall be used. It may be 

 said that the class and grade of any particular animal or carload 

 of animals on the market will be finally determined by the com- 



