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TYPES AND MARKET CLASSES OF LIVE STOCK 



not quite so short. The shoulders are well laid in and smooth, 

 and throughout the forequarters there is an absence of the great 

 strength and massiveness found in the bull. The refinement 

 of the cow's head, neck, and shoulders is an evidence of femininity, 

 which, like masculinity in the male, is evidence of breeding 

 capacity. "Motherly" looking cows, not too compact in form, 

 are wanted. A coarse, "steery" headed female is seldom a suc- 

 cessful breeder. Although she may produce a calf each year, her 

 stock is not likely to possess the high qualities that one expects. 



Fig. 38. Correct Type in the Beef Cow. 



Fair Start 2d., a famous Shorthorn show cow, owned by Mr. George 

 J. Sayer, McHenry, 111. 



A straight, strong back and wide, deep middle are as desir- 

 able in the cow as in the bull or steer, indeed even more so, as 

 a capacious middle provides ample room for carrying the calf. 

 Cows should be a little longer in the middle, a little less compact 

 in other words, than steers and bulls. The hips are notably 

 different, showing more width and prominence, and this feature 

 is often so pronounced as to cause criticism. While a wider hip 

 is accepted in cows than in other beef animals, nevertheless care 

 should be taken to guard against undue prominence. Cows are- 



