144 



TYPES AND MARKET CLASSES OF LIVE STOCK 



the efficiency of the nervous system may be questioned, and 

 as for the course of reasoning showing the relation between 

 length of tail and quantity of milk yield, the reader may take it 

 for what he deems it worth and form his own conclusions. In 

 any event, there are many other ways of estimating a cow's 

 value, the reliability of which are better substantiated. How- 

 ever, a prominent backbone is valuable as an evidence of true 

 dairy temperament, or freedom from beefiness. 



The loin should be rather long, should carry up level and 

 strong, and show a fair degree of width. 



Fig. 43. Excellent Type in the Dairy Cow. 



Ayrshire cow, Kilnford Bell 3d., Champion at the National Dairy Show 

 in 1913 and 1914, Note the beautiful head of this cow, and her large, shapely 

 udder. Her conformation indicates strength and vigor without coarseness. 

 Owned by Mr. Adam Seitz, Waukesha, Wis. 



The barrel ought to be very deep and wide, and this is 

 secured when the ribs are very long and reasonably well arched. 

 There will be no such degree of rotundity as is found in beef 

 cattle; there should be a well-developed paunch with a capacity 

 for lots of feed. A flat-sided conformation means a restricted 

 capacity for food. The ribs do not lie close together along the side 

 as in beef cattle, and there is more space between the last rib and 

 the hip. Of all the points discussed thus far, two are of vast 

 importance; these are constitution and digestive capacity. The 



