TYPES AND MARKET CLASSES OF LIVE STOCK 



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dairy bull usually rises higher over the withers and neck than 

 over the back and loin, and the first impression may be that 

 the animal is sway-backed, but upon further study the observer 

 often finds he has been misled by the rise over the withers and 

 crest. No marked covering of flesh should be found on the 

 back, but the backbone should be plainly evident. 



The loin should be long, level, and medium wide. The 

 barrel should be deep and well developed, but need not show 

 as much capacity as demanded in the cow. The hips are only 

 moderately wide, the points being much less prominent than 



Fig. 46. A Dairy Bull with Strength and Vigor. 



Holstein-Friesian bull, King Homestead DeKol, Champion at many 

 state fairs and at the Waterloo and National Dairy Shows in 1911. His 

 masculinity, ruggedness, and length and depth of body are marked. Owned 

 by Mr. John B. Irwin, Minneapolis, Minn. 



in the female. The rump should be long, level, and medium 

 wide. The thighs may be slightly heavier than in the female, 

 but any considerable degree of thickness is sharply criticized. 

 Some dairy bulls almost rival beef bulls in the amount of fleshing 

 shown in the hindquarters, and such animals are distinctly not 

 of true dairy type in conformation and temperament. A dairy 

 bull should carry no more fleshing than is permissible in a dry 

 cow or in a heifer before her first calving. The bull should be 

 well divided between the hind legs, and should have rather flat, 



