TYPES AND MARKET CLASSES OF LIVE STOCK 



181 



ern ranches where land is cheap, a calf is all the return a cow 

 need give in order to make her profitable, but the cornbelt far- 

 mer on $100 and $200 land cannot conduct a business on the 

 same basis as the western ranchman. It is argued that a farmer 

 on high-priced land cannot afford to keep a cow that produces 

 calves suitable for feeding into beef unless she pays for her 

 board, in part at least, with a fair amount of butter-fat. It is 

 argued that he can no more afford this than he can afford to 

 keep mutton sheep which produce lambs, but no wool. The 

 advocates of the dual-purpose cow claim that she will be the 



Fig. 51. The Dual-Purpose Type. 



Milking Shorthorn cow, Pansy 2d., first prize winner at Carlisle, England, 

 in 1914. Imported and owned by Mr. J. J. Hill, St. Paul, Minn. 



salvation of future beef production. However this may be, 

 changes will come gradually and it seems probable that the 

 beef-type animal is destined to continue popular for some years 

 to come. 



The methods of management where dual-purpose herds 

 are kept vary considerably. Sometimes the production of beef 

 is given most attention and the milking qualities of the cows 

 are esteemed only as a source of feed for the calves. At the 

 other extreme are herds managed as dairy herds, the beefiness 



