TYPES AND MARKET CLASSES OF LIVE STOCK 351 



less he is automatic as a motor, and the more he becomes de- 

 pendent upon his driver. 



Anatomy of the Fore Limb. 



From the top downward, the bones of the fore limb are 

 as indicated in the accompanying diagram. The fore limb is 

 composed of a scapula (or shoulder blade) which is articulated 

 to the humerus (or arm) by a ball-and-socket joint, and the 

 arm in turn articulates with the radius by a hinge joint. The 

 lower end of the radius rests upon the upper row of the carpal 

 bones of which there are 7 or 8 in the horse, corresponding to 

 the wrist in man. Below the carpus (knee) is the large meat 



S-4 



5 



Fig. 109 Bones of the Fore Leg. 



1, Scapula; 2, humerus; 3, radius and ulna; 4, seven or eight carpal bones; 

 5, cannon bone and two splint bones; 6, two sesamoid bones; 7, large pastern 

 bone; 8, small pastern bone; 9, navicular bone; 10, coffin bone. 



carpal (or cannon) bone, and articulated with the back of it 

 are two slender rods of bones the small metacarpal (or splint) 

 bones. The lower end of the large cannon bone forms a hinge 

 with the first phalanx (or large pastern bone), which is followed 

 by the second phalanx (or small pastern bone), and then the 

 third phalanx (or coffin bone), the two last named being enclosed 

 within the hoof. In addition to these, at the articulation be- 

 tween the cannon and the large pastern bone are two small 

 bones, known as the sesamoids, while at the back of the coffin 

 joint there is a small bow-shaped bone, known as the navicular, 

 which is frequently the seat of disease. 



