TYPES AND MARKET CLASSES OF LIVE STOCK 375 



refinement, intelligence, spirit, docility, and beauty as to make 

 him universally admired and famous. He was taken to Eng- 

 land at the close of the seventeenth century and was used in 

 founding the English Thoroughbred and also the Norfolk Trotter 

 which later became the Hackney. In Russia he helped pro- 

 duce the Orloff Trotter, and the Percheron breed of France is 

 also thought to owe some of its excellence to Arab blood in its 

 foundation. Inasmuch as the Yorkshire Coach Horse, Cleve- 

 land Bay, American Trotting Horse, American Saddle Horse, 

 and the Morgan are all sprung largely from the Thoroughbred, 

 every breed of light horses carries the blood of the Arab in greater 

 or less degree. 



Turk, Barb, and Spanish horses. The Turk, or Turkish 

 horse, found in portions of European Turkey, but principally 

 in Asia Minor, was of considerable importance in the seven- 

 teenth century, but it has deteriorated very much since then. 

 The Barb is a native of the Barbary States, whence its name. 

 It is found in its greatest perfection among the Moors, who 

 introduced the Barb blood into Spain during their rule in that 

 country, and so improved the Spanish horse that for several 

 centuries it occupied the first place throughout Europe. Span- 

 ish horses of this stock brought to America by the Spaniards 

 are regarded as the progenitors of the wild horses once com- 

 mon to Mexico and California. 



Origin of the running horse. In later times, England be- 

 came the center of horse breeding and the nursery of most of 

 the present-day breeds. One of the first types of horses de- 

 veloped in England was the running horse, the sport of racing 

 having been fostered there from an early date. Long before 

 an Arabian, Barb, or Turk stallion set foot on English soil, 

 a strain of running horses of considerable excellence had been 

 developed, hence the Oriental stallions which were later im- 

 ported cannot be given more than half the credit for founding 

 the running horse or Thoroughbred. The Thoroughbred owes 

 his origin jointly to the native running mares of England and 

 to the Arabian, Barb, and Turk stallions imported at the close 

 of the seventeenth century. 



The Great Horse or War Horse. The first type of Eng- 

 lish horse was the "Great Horse" or "War Horse" used during 

 the Crusades and up to about the year 1600 to carry the war- 

 riors clad in their suits of heavy armor. A knight in heavy 

 armor, together with the armor for his horse, weighed about 



