446 TYPES AND MARKET CLASSES OF LIVE STOCK 



hands high, and weigh from 1350 to 1500 pounds in good flesh; 

 the average express horse is 16 to 16-1 hands high, and weighs 

 around 1400 pounds in working condition. His head should 

 be neat, his neck of good length, and his crest well developed. 

 His shoulder should be obliquely set, coupled with a short, 

 well muscled back and a strong loin. His croup should be 

 broad, rounding, and well muscled, his quarters deep, and thighs 

 broad. He should not be goose rumped, nor cut up in the flank. 

 His underpinning should be of the very best, his cannons broad 

 and clean, and his hoofs of a dense, tough horn. 



The express horse is required to do his work both at the 

 walk and trot, the latter being the principal gait. He should 

 be quick and. active, and should keep his feet well under him 

 and throw enough weight into the collar to move a heavy load 

 at the walk, or a lighter load at the trot. As in the previous 

 classes, he should be a straight-line mover, with possibly a little 

 more knee and hock action. 



Delivery wagon horses. Generally speaking, delivery wagon 

 horses are not as large as expressers, and not as high grade 

 animals; most mercantile firms are not such liberal buyers as 

 the express companies, and consequently they get a cheaper 

 grade of horses. However, this is not always true, as some of 

 the large department stores, whose deliveries serve as an ad- 

 vertisement, will pay more for the very best than express com- 

 panies, thus getting very choice animals. The conformation 

 requirements are practically the same as for express horses, 

 except they are not quite so large, standing from 15 to 16 hands, 

 and weighing from 1100 to 1400 pounds. The action require- 

 ments are the same as for express horses, though some are not 

 as good actors. The demand for delivery wagon horses comes 

 from all kinds of retail and wholesale mercantile houses, such as 

 meat shops, milk houses, grocery houses, dry goods firms, and 

 hardware merchants, for use on light wagons for parcel delivery. 

 Some of the coarser, rougher ones are used on the huckster 

 wagons, junk wagons, sand wagons, and by contractors for 

 cellar excavating, street cleaning, railroad grading, or almost 

 any kind of rough, heavy work. 



Light artillery horses. These conform rather closely to 

 the better grades of delivery wagon horses of the same weight. 

 The following specifications, prepared under the direction of 

 the Quartermaster General of the United States War Depart- 

 ment, clearly set forth the requirements. 



