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spruce have begun to burst, are liable to be 

 very injurious, especially to young trees ; and 

 in low or exposed situations, it is more advis- 

 able to plant the Norway spruce. Besides its 

 beauty, the wood of the Douglas spruce is highly 

 esteemed. "Timber," referring to this tree, 

 remarks : "In the Fifties, a cargo of Douglas 

 " fir spars was sent to France, and since that 

 " time Douglas fir has been the spar timber 

 " par excellence of the world. The mast of the 

 " American Cup defender ' Columbia ' had a 

 " Douglas fir spar. Each year has seen rapidly 

 " increasing shipments of Douglas fir." 



Another writer says : " It is found in immense 

 " forests in the North-West part of America, and 

 " at dift'erent elevations on the Rocky Mountains, 

 " forming a dense little bush not a yard high at 

 " the top of those mountains, but becoming larger 

 " and more stately as it descends the sides, until 

 " it finally develops into those might}- giants 

 " which stand in the lower valleys at the base 

 " of the same range, and along the banks of 

 " the Columbia River. In the density of the 

 " forests, and where the trees are relatively 

 " close, the foliage is confined to a tuft at the 

 " top, the trunk forming a cylindrical column 

 " as straight as an arrow, and almost without 

 " branches for two hundred feet." The lateral 

 branches are destroyed by the exclusion of air, 



