SERPULA. 269 



but the relative position of the bristles is reversed, the uncinated 

 series becomes dorsal, and the setigerous ventral. — Tube calcareous, 

 vermicular, not regularly spiral. 



1 . S. vermicularis, branchiae with many filaments in each tuft ; 

 operculum on a cylindrical stalk, funnel-shaped, with a concave 

 furrowed disk, the margin multiserrulated, with an equal number of 

 short grooves on the outside. — Tube tapered regularly backwards, 

 round, with a sharp dorsal keel, wrinkled irregularly, the aperture 

 circular, with an even or somewhat everted rim. 



Var. a. The tube solitary, entirely adherent, creeping. 

 Var. jS. Tubes clustered, erect, partially adherent. 



Tubus vermicularis, Ellis, Corall. pi. 38. f. 2. 



Serpula vermicularis, Linn. Syst. 1267. Penn. Brit. Zool. iv. 146; 



and edit. 1812, iv. 361. Turt. Gmel. iv. 605. Berkeley in Loud. 



Mag. Nat. Hist. vii. 421 . Templeton in ibid. ix. 233. Brown's II- 



lustr. pi. 2. f. 2, 3. Landsborough, Excurs. Arran, 31. Philippi 



in Ann. ^ Mag. Nat. Hist. xiv. 157. pi. 3. f. A. Grube, Fam. An' 



nel. 99. Leach, Mus. 

 Serpula triquetra. Bast. Opusc. Subs. i. ii. 79. tab. 9. f. 3. Mont. Test. 



Brit. 511. Stew. Elem. ii. 422. Fleming in Edinb. Encyclop. vii. 



67. Laskey in Wern. Mem. i. 413. Brown in ibid. ii. 534. Turt. 



Brit. Faun. 202. Penn. Brit. Zool. edit. 1812, iv. 361. 

 Vermilia vermicularis, Fleming in Edinb. Phil. Journ. xii. 242. 

 Vermilia triquetra. Brown's Illustr. pi. 2. f. 1. Mus. Leach. 

 Amphitrite campanulata, Turt. Brit. Faun. 137. Penn. Brit. Zool. 



edit. 1812, iv. 91. 

 Serpula tubularia, Mont. Test. Brit. Suppl. 171. Turt. Conch. Diet. 



154. pi. 24. f. 84. 

 Serpula contortuplicata, Cuv. Regn. Anim. iii. 190; Griffith's Transl. 



xiii. 10. pi. 8. f. 1 ; and Illustr. edit. Annel. 21. pi. 3. f. 1. Savign. 



Syst. Annel. 73. Grube, Fam. Annel. 99. 



Hah. The coralline region, attached to old shells. 



Obs. The shell is about 3" long, with the aperture 3'" in diameter. 

 It is generally of a pink colour, rarely white, encircled at irregular 

 distances, but chiefly forwards, with a few thin varices, marking 

 where the worm had rested in its task, and whence it had again re- 

 sumed the work of prolongation. The posterior end is usually spi- 

 rally contorted. The dorsal keel is always feeble, more or less broken, 

 and often obsolete on the fore part of old tubes. In a few instances 

 I have scarcely been able to discover a trace of it. The worm is 

 about 1^" long, and, in large specimens, there may be nearly one 

 hundred segments. The branchial tufts are subequal, folded circu- 

 larly inwards, with about thirty filaments in each, densely ciliated on 

 the inner side, but leaving the small setaceous point naked. The 

 tufts are fasciated and spotted with scarlet ; and the operculum is 

 richly blotched with the same colour. The thoracic portion is about 

 one-fourth the length of the abdominal, — a proportion common to 



