44 SPUING FLOWERS. 



flowers small,, yellow; carpels tuberculate. — Gravelly fields. — 

 Fl. May, June. 



(4) Caltha. Marsh Marigold. 



C. palustris : leaves heart-shaped, rounded ; flowers large, 

 golden-yellow. — Marshy places. El. March to May. 



(5) Helleborus. Hellebore. 



H. viridis : flowers 3-4, large, with spreading yellowish - 

 green sepals. — Woods and thickets in calcareous soil. Fl. 

 March, April. 



H. foetidus : flowers numerous, panicled, with large ovate 

 bracts, and converging green sepals often tipped with purple. 

 — Bear's-foot. — Thickets in calcareous soil. Fl. March, April. 



(6) Actaea. Baneberry. 



A. spicata : radical leaves large, twice ternate, with ovate 

 three-lobed coarsely toothed leaflets ; flowers nearly white, in 

 a loose raceme. — Herb Christopher. — Mountain woods and 

 thickets in the north. Fl. May. 



(7) Berberis. Berberry. 



B. vulgaris : shrub ; branches with 3-lobed thorns at the 

 base of leaf-tufts ; leaves obovate, sharply toothed ; flower 

 small, yellow, in drooping racemes, disagreeably scented. — 

 Hedges and thickets. Fl. May. 



(8) Cheiranthus. Wallflower. 



C. Cheiri : subshrubby ; leaves lance-shaped, acute, slightly 

 hoary ; flowers large, racemose, yellow or reddish-brown, very 

 fragrant. — Walls and rocky places. Fl. April, May. 



