SPECIES AND VARIETIES. 55 



(47) Saxifraga. Saxifrage. 

 * Leaves opposite ^ densely crowded. 



S. oppositifolia : stems creeping ; leaves small, opposite, 

 obovate, overlapping, fringed ; flowers large, purple, solitary, on 

 short erect branches, but so numerous as to cover the stems. 

 — Alpine rocks. Fl. April. 



** Leaves alternate, the upper ones distant. 



S. granulata : stem erect, hairy ; lower leaves reniform, 

 bluntly crenate; flowers largish, white, in terminal cymes. — 

 Meadows and pastures. Fl. May. 



S. tridactylites : annual ; stem short, erect, usually red ; 

 leaves small, entire or three-lobed; flowers small, white. — 

 Walls and dry barren places. Fl. April, May. 



(48) Chrysosplenium. Golden Saxifrage. 



C. alternifoliuni : leaves alternate ; flowers yellow, incon- 

 spicuous. — Moist shady places. Fl. May. 



C. oppositifoliuni : leaves opposite ; flowers yellow, incon- 

 spicuous. — Moist shady places. Fl. May. 



(49) Rhamnus. Buckthorn. 



R. catharticus : shrub ; leaves ovate, minutely toothed ; 

 branches often thorny; flowers small, green, dioecious, with 

 lour petals and four stamens ; fruit black. — Thickets. Fl. May. 



R. Prangula : shrub ; leaves more obtuse, entire ; branches 

 without thorns ; flowers small, hermaphrodite, with five petals 

 and five stamens ; fruit dark purple. — Thickets and woods. — 

 Fl. May. 



(50) Euonymus. Spindle-tree. 

 E. europaeus : shrub ; leaves ovate-oblong, minutely toothed; 



