SPECIES AND VARIETIES. 0)7 



(88) Carpinus. Hornbeam. 



C. Betulus : tree ; leaves deciduous, ovate acute, parallel- 

 veined, plaited when young; catkins drooping, about IJ 

 inch long, the female ones slender, often several inches long 

 when in fruit ; fruit-bracts 3-lobed, leafy, the middle lobe 

 elongated. — Woods and hedges. Fl. May. 



(89) Pinus. Pine. 



P. sylvestris : tree ; leaves evergreen, rigid, subulate, grow- 

 ing in pairs, each pair surrounded by a membranous sheath ; 

 male catkins small, oblong, clustered ; young cones small 

 ovate- conical stalked recurved, in the mature state enlarged 

 formed of woody close-set scales. — Scotch Fir or Common 

 Pine. — Highlands. Fl. May. 



(90) Juniperus. Juniper. 



J. communis : shrub ; leaves evergreen, linear, spreading, 

 with a prickly point, growing in whorls of three; catkins 

 minute, axillary ; fruits globose, dark purple. — Calcareous 

 hills and downs. Fl. May. 



(91) Taxus. Yew. 

 T. baccata : tree ; leaves evergreen, crowded, linear, dis- 

 posed in two ranks so as to form flattened spray; catkins 

 small, axillary; fruit roundish, bright red, forming a fleshy 

 cup around the hard seed. — Mountain woods and limestone 

 cliffs. Fl. March. 



(92) Arum. Cuckoo-pint. 

 A. maeulatum : tuberous ; leaves ovately halberd- shaped 

 or almost arrow-shaped, entire, often purple-spotted ; spathe 



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