256 SUMMER FLOWERS. 



fruits covered with hooked bristles, forming small adhesive 

 burrs. — Cleavers, or Goosegrass. — Hedges and thickets. Fl. 

 June, July. 



Allied plants, with more slender, shorter, and less hispid 

 stems, and smaller fruits, are sometimes called G. Vaillantii 

 and G. spurium. Another related plant, a cornfield species, 

 is G. tricorne, but it is altogether smaller, with shorter leaves, 

 and 1-3-flowered peduncles, and has the fruit granulated only, 

 and not bristly. 



(140) Sherardia. Field Madder. 

 S. arvensis : annual ; stems decumbent, branched, seldom 

 over six inches high ; leaves about six in a whorl, the lower 

 ones obovate, the upper linear or lanceolate, acute, rough- 

 edged; flowers small, blue or pink, in little terminal heads, 

 surrounded by a broad, leafy, eight-lobed involucre; calyx- 

 teeth enlarged after flowering, forming a little leafy crown at 

 the top of the fruit. — Cultivated and waste places. Fl. June 

 to August. 



(141) Centranthus. 



C. ruber : stems stout, tufted, glabrous, somewhat glau- 

 cous, 1-2 feet high; leaves ovate-lanceolate, entire; flowers 

 numerous, red, rarely white, in dense cymes, forming a hand- 

 some oblong, terminal panicle ; border of the calyx unrolling 

 in the ripe fruit into a bell-shaped feathery pappus. — Red 

 Valerian. — Naturalized on chalk cliffs and old walls. Fl. 

 June to September. 



(142) Valeriana. Valerian. 



* Lower leaves undivided. 

 V. dioica : stem emitting creeping runners, the flowering 



