SPEC IKS AND VARIETIES. 2G9 



C. Scabiosa : stem 2-3 feet higli, stoiitish, branched at the 

 base ; leaves deeply piimatifid, with linear or lanceolate lobes, 

 often coarsely- toot bed or lobed ; flower-heads large, with pur- 

 ple florets, the outer ones always enlarged and neuter ; involu- 

 cral bracts broad, bordered only with a black appressed fringe, 

 leaving the green centre exposed ; pappus of stiff hairs or 

 bristles nearly as long as the achene. — Pastures, waste places, 

 roadsides, etc. Fl. July to September. 



C. Cyanus : annual ; stems erect, branching, two feet high, 

 cottony; leaves narrowish, the lower ones toothed, the upper 

 linear and entire ; involucres solitary, on long terminal pedun- 

 cles, ovoid, the bracts appressed, bordered by a fringe of very 

 small teeth ; central florets bluish purple, the outer ones much 

 larger, bright blue. — Cornflower or Bluebottle. — A cornfield 

 weed. n. June to August. In our gardens where this plant 

 is cultivated as an annual flower, it yields various colours. 



** Involucral hracts ending in a long stout prichle. 

 C. Caleitrapa : annual ; stems somewhat cottony, spread- 

 ing or prostrate, seldom above a foot high ; leaves pinnatifid, 

 with a few long linear or lanceolate lobes ; flower-heads sessile 

 among the upper leaves or in the forks of the branches, not 

 large, the florets purple ; involucral bracts ending in stiff 

 spreading spines, with 1-2 smaller prickles at their base; 

 achenes without any pappus. — Waste places and roadsides, 

 most abundant near the sea. Fl. July, August. 



(163) Serratula. Sawwort. 



S. tinctoria: stem stiff, erect, scarcely branched, 1-3 feet 

 high ; leaves pinnate, with lanceolate, pointed, finely-toothed 

 segments, the terminal one largest ; upper leaves toothed only, 

 or with a few lobes at their base ; flower-heads in a terminal 



