358 AUTUMN FLOWERS AND FRUITS. 



without stipules ; flowers symmetrical, with 4-5 sepals and 

 petals, and definite stamens. 



nil Ovary many-celled. 



(a) Stamens monadelpJious. 



5. Geraniaceous plants — herbs ; flowers symmetrical, with five 



sepals and petals; carpels fixed around a persistent central 

 axis. 



(b) Stamens polyadelphous. 



6. Hypericaceous plants — shrubs ; leaves opposite, often dotted ; 



sepals and petals five, stamens indefinite. 



§§ Sepals parallel at tJie edge (valvate). 



7. Malvaceous plants — herbs or shrubs ; sepals and petals five, 



surrounded by an involucre of three or more bracts ; stamens 

 united by their filaments into a column around the pistil. 



Calyciflores : Polypetalous dichlaraydeous plants, with the 

 petals usually distinct, and the stamens perigynous or epi- 

 gynous; Orders 8 to 12. 



* Ovary superior, the calyx distinct from the carpels ; (stamens 

 perigynous) . 



8. Legimiinous plants — shrubs or herbs ; flowers very irregular, 



papilionaceous ; stamens ten, all or nine of them united ; 

 ovary a legume or pod. 



9. Crassulaceous plants — herbs, with succulent leaves ; flowers 



regular, isomerous ; carpels as many as the petals free. 



** Ovary superior or half inferior, the calyx adhering more or 

 less to the carpels ; (stamens perigynous) . 



10. Saxifragaceous plants — herbs; flowers regular; stamens 



5-10, separate. 



