114 THE BKOAD-SCLEROPHYLL VEGETATION OF CALIFORNIA. 



4. Quercua chrysolepis Liebm. Mountain live oak. In southwestern Oregon and 

 throughout the Cahfornia mountains west of the high Sierras and the desert, e.xcejjt the 

 lowest foothills; south to Mount San Pedro Martir in Lower California. The most widely 

 distributed and most important of the live oaks of California, being the dominant member 

 or one of two or three dominants in the broad-sclcrophyll forest wherever it occurs. Very 

 frequent in chaparral form, sometimes in rather tall pure growth on north slopes, forming 



' dwarfforest." 



5. Quercus engelmanni Greene. Engelmann oak. Of limited range; in southern Cah- 

 fornia from Los Angeles County to the Mexican boundary, occupying a belt 80 km. wide, 

 distant 25 to 30 km. from the coast. Important within its limited range. Barely ever- 

 green. 



6. Quercus mslizeni A. DC. Interior hve oak. From Mount Shasta southward through 

 the Sierra foothills and the Coast Ranges to Mount San Pedro Martir in Lower Cahfornia; 

 rarely, though occasionally, near the coast. Much less important as a forest tree than 

 Q. chrysolepis, and characteristic of less mesophytic situations; occurs frequently in open 

 growth with Q. douglasii on the lowest footliills. The shrubby form, var. frutescens Engelm., 

 is very common in the chmax chaparral. 



7. Pasania densiflora Oerst. Tan-bark oak. Southwestern Oregon to the Santa 

 Ynez Mountains in the Coast Ranges, and to Mariposa County in the Sierras. Character- 

 istic of the mixed forest of the interior mountains of northern Cahfornia; also commonly 

 associated with the redwoods. The shrubby form, var. echinoides Jepson, is a member of 

 the conifer-forest chaparral in northern California. 



8. Umbellularia califomica (H. and A.) Nutt. Cahfornia laurel. Southwestern Ore- 

 gon, southward through the Coast Ranges and Sierras to southern Cahfornia. Character- 

 istically a tree of the mesophytic forests, especially addicted to steep north slopes, ravines, 

 and stream-banks. Sometimes shrubby, forming an unimportant part of the chaparral in 

 the more mesophytic situations, especially in the extreme southern portion of its range. 



9. Arbulus memiesii Pursh. Madrofio. Southwestern British Columbia; through the 

 coast region of Washington and Oregon; mountains of northern California; southward in 

 the Sierras to Tuolumne County, and in the Coast Ranges to Los Angeles County. An ex- 

 ceedingly important tree of the broad-sclerophyll forest. Largest in northwestern Cali- 

 fornia, where it accompanies the redwoods; in the central Coast Ranges second in impor- 

 tance to the live oaks, with them forming the bulk of the north-slope forests; decreasing 

 southward in size and abundance, both in Coast Ranges and Sierras. 



DECIDUOUS. 



10. Quercus douglasii H. and A. Blue oak. Low foothills and valleys from Mendocino 

 County to the upper Sacramento Valley, southward to the Liebre Mountains and the San 

 Fernando Valley. Usually in open growth on the lowest foothills; sometimes pure, some- 

 times with Pirvus sabiniana or Quercus wislizeni. Rarely associated with the broad- 

 sclerophyll trees; the most xerophytic of the Cahfornia oaks. Its relation to the chaparral 

 is treated on page 79. 



11. Quercus garryana Dougl. Garry oak. North Pacific States, extending southward 

 in Cahfornia along the Coast Ranges; abundant as far as Trinity County; occasional to 

 the Santa Cruz Mountains. Not very important in Cahfornia as a forest tree. In the 

 northwestern portion, however, it forms dense pure thickets 2 or 3 meters high in the 

 forest region. 



12. Quercus kelloggii Newb. Cahfornia black oak. Corresponding in range rather 

 closely to Quercus chrysolepis, and a common companion to it in the forest. Occasionally, 

 in shrub form, it makes a part of the conifer-forest chaparral. 



13. Quercus lobata Nee. Valley oak. Valleys and foothills from Shasta County to 

 Los Angeles County. Included here because it frequently forms park-like mixed forest 

 with Q. agrifolia. 



14. Acer macrophyllum Pursh. Broadleaf maple. Coast Ranges and Sierras, south to 

 the San Bernardino Mountains. A frequent companion to the broad-sclerophyll trees in 

 the more mesophytic localities. 



15. /Esculus californica Nutt. California buckeye. Coast Ranges from Mendocino 

 County to San Luis Obispo County; Sierra foothills. A common inhabitant of north- 

 facing slopes in the foothills, growing with the live oaks; sometimes forming dense pure 

 thickets. 



