California Horticulturist and Live Stock Journal. 



Seth Gkekn and His Woek. — The name of 

 Seth Green will always be an honored one on 

 this coast; and the Isaac Waltons of Califor- 

 nia will cause it to be revered and esteemed 

 among their children. Although many may 

 have created more agitation and acquired 

 more notoriety, yet few have accomplished 

 such substantial and enduring good as Mr. 

 Green. The results of his labors will last 

 forever, and their benefits extend and multi- 

 ply with time. Mr. Green has recently read 

 an address before the National Fish Cultur- 

 ists' Association of New York on fish culture, 

 which is replete with useful suggestions on the 

 subject to which he has devoted so profitable 

 a life. He speaks of the things which can be 

 accomplished in the matter of fish transplan- 

 tation, and says of New York that all its 

 used-up shad rivers can be stocked again and 

 made as productive as in their best days. 

 Mr. Green relates an entertaining experience 

 of how he was iu AVashington in 1K(J8, and 

 hatched a few shad in the office of General 

 Spinner — he of the wonderfully and fearfully 

 made autograph. He told the General that 

 with twenty-five thousand dollars he could 

 stock the Potomac with young shad, and in 

 three years they would be as iilentiful as ever 

 before. And the honest and plain old Cer- 

 berus of the Treasury tried to get members to 

 vote the appropriation; and when the plan 

 fell through was one of the "maddest men" 

 around the Capitol. 



The speaker alluded to the discouragement 

 he had met with when he "went to the Con- 

 necticut and Hudson rivers and told the peo- 

 ple he was going to hatch shad eggs, and 

 make shad plenty and cheap." Everybody 

 hooted at him. Some thought he was a rogue, 

 while others, more charitably tempered, 

 thought he was only a lunatic. 



Mr. Green, in conclusion, lays down the 

 vei'y sensible proposition that the work of 

 fish planting "should be keptout of politics." 

 That when fish commissioners have acquired 

 by experience a knowledge of the business, it 

 is a great mistake to remove them and fill 

 their places with new hands. And finally, he 

 urges, "the State appropriation should be 

 made so small that it will not be worth while 

 for any shark to go for it." — Vallejo Chronicle. 



The California Fish Commissioners, says 

 the Alameda Encinal, have established a flsh- 

 hatching institution at Berkeley, on what is 

 known as Strawberry Creek, especially for the 

 benefit and edification of the students of the 

 University, where they may learn the habits 

 of the finny tribe free of cost. The hatching 

 house is under the supervision of Mr. "Wood- 

 bury. The ova of 00,000 brook trout was 

 placed in the hatchery about six weeks ago. 

 Of these, some .50,000 have already been 

 hatched, and 12,000 placed iu Alameda Creek, 

 and branches, 3,000 in the Maragua Creek, 

 and branches, and the balance distributed in 

 the northern waters of the State. The Com- 

 missioners are now importing the ova of the 

 white fish in large quantities, through Pro- 

 fessor I5aird, President of the United States 

 Board of Fish Commissioners. Soon the 

 State of California will rival the most favored 

 fish country iu the world. Every new variety 

 seems to thrive in our waters. 



The jute cloth which enters so largely into 

 the manufacture of grain bags in this country 

 — especially iu California — is mostly made at 

 Dundee, Scotland, where there are 5i) im- 

 mense mills, one of which employs five thous- 

 and workmen, engaged in the manufacture. 

 It is estimated that ten per cent, of the value 

 of the California wheat crop is expended iu 

 the purchase of coarse jute, cotton and lineu 

 bags. 



The gentleman who asserted that nis friend 

 never opened his mouth without putting his 

 foot iu it, being called upon to apologize, said 

 he was very sorry, but when he made the as- 

 sertion he did not know the size of his friend's 

 foot. 



Brown Leghorns. 



tfr;ia 



rj'rt.'HEEE is no denying the fact that the 

 '"" Brown Leghorns are fast becoming a 

 most popular variety, both as a fancy 

 and a useful breed. They are small, 

 mature quickly, the hens come into lay- 

 ing early, and for that reason are profitable. 

 They are easy keepers, being small feeders 

 and prolific egg-producers. They have all 

 the markings and build of good layers, having 

 large combs and wattles, of a beautiful pink- 

 red color, which is always suggestive of fresh- 

 laid eggs. New beginners are apt to be dis- 

 couraged at first, but experience teaches the 

 virtue of patience and perseverance. I have 

 learned that one must first raise his layers 

 from good stock before he can expect even a 

 moderate return, and fowls purchased from 

 noted breeders are not always reared with an 

 eye to this important advantage. It is suf- 

 ficient for them that the bleed has a name for 

 producing eggs. Fowls for this purpose must 

 be raised, not made — must have the very best 

 of care and feed, from the shell up, to estab- 

 lish the foundation of a strong, vigorous con- 

 stitution, iu order to support rapid and long 

 continued production, as well as to reproduce 

 stamina iu their young. I have every reason 

 to believe the Brown Leghorns will do this 

 and amply repay their own with a good sup- 

 ply of large, fine eggs at all seasons of the 

 year; but there must be a large outlay before 

 expecting a return. The chicks of the Brown 

 Leghorn are hardy — as much so as any vari- 

 ety. The chicks require a certain auiount of 

 care until they are six or eight weed old. and 

 by experience I find this rule to hold good with 

 all breeds and varieties of poultry when in an 

 artificial condition. The Brown Legh'.'rn 

 chicks possess the %artue of feathering early, 

 and thus escape much danger which awaits 

 their featherless V:>rethreu, the Black Spanish 

 and Asiatics. The markings of both the 

 Brown Leghorn cock and hen are beautiful — 

 indeed, splendid plumage is a marked charac- 

 teristic of the breed. 



The day is long since past when the ques- 

 tions "Do hens pay?" "Are they profitable?" 

 are undecided. I have had many years' ex- 

 perience, and can answer that I know they do. 

 From the long list of debits and credits, I find 

 the balance iu their favor. The hen business 

 (if the expression be allowable) is healthy, 

 pleasant and lucrative; but one must in some 

 measure be born to it (not made), with a 

 fondness and interest in nature, a close, ob- 

 serving eye, and a mind willing to inquire 

 into and search the mysteries of nature in her 

 own fields, and learn the truth of the unmis- 

 takable knowledge she teaches her children; 

 and where pleasure is born, the money value 

 ceases to exist, and the profit accrues; thus 

 labor becomes only a healthful exercise. To 

 one about establishing a poultry yard, I would 

 advise them to ijut down the Brown Leghorns 

 on the list as a good variety, not only for 

 their useful qualifications, but for beauty and 

 ornament. — Oouniry OenUeman. 



Daek BitAHMAs. — Much has been said lately 

 about this useful and popular fowl. My 

 opinion is that there is not a more thoroughly 

 useful fowl in existence. As a jiroof of what 

 I state, allow me to make a few remarks. 



A friend of mine who is quite well known 

 as a Brahma breeder, has this year reared 

 sixty-one chickens. The first brood consisted 

 ef eleven, froiu eleven eggs, turning out to be 

 six cockerels and five pullets; this lot of chicks 

 were sixtticu weeks old on May 'S\, and on 

 that day a pair (cockerel and pullet) weighed 

 exactly eleven jiounds. Three of the five 

 pullets comnieneed laying at fifteen weeks 

 old, and laid nine eggs during the last week. 

 These two facts are quite sutiicient to prove 

 the (|ualities of the Brahiuas, not only as a 

 rajiidly gri>wiiig bird, but also as a good layer. 

 Souie of your readers, perhaps, may say, ' 



"Ah! but this is only a solitary instance." In 

 answer to that I state the following: The 

 same breeder's birds iu 1871 commenced lay- 

 at seventeen weeks old. In 1872 the pullets 

 commenced laying at sixteen weeks, and this 

 year a week in advance. The gentleman to 

 whom I allude is Mr. W. Mansfield, of Cam- 

 bridge, and I have no doubt that the forward 

 condition of his birds is simply due to the 

 high feeding and good attention which they 

 receive at his hands. 



A few more remarks and I have done. No 

 man can breed good fowls without care and 

 trouble, but to be really successfiil he must 

 have a knowledge of the habits and wants of 

 the varieties he cultivates, which takes a long 

 time to acquire. I have bred difi'erent varie- 

 ties, but have found the Brahmas equal, if not 

 superior, to all. — Cor. London Field. 



I would like to give your readers a little of 

 my experience in the matter of raising poultry 

 hoping thereby to give some useful hints. I 

 began with the Brahmas, and for market find 

 them and others of the Asiatic breeds the best. 

 But for egg-i)roducers give me the Leghorns. 

 I find their eggs, from their size and color, 

 attract buyers much more readily than the 

 darker and smaller eggs of the other varieties. 



To the general faruier, I recommend a cross 

 of the White Leghorn and Light Brahmin or 

 White Cochin. 



I give my fowls, for feed, a mixture of 

 wheat bran, gTound oats, and cornmeal, 

 scalded, three times a day, and occasionally 

 mix it with l)one dust. 



I now have abdut 1,500 chickens on my 

 farm a few miles from the city. I have finally 

 settled on two breeds, the Brahmas and the 

 Leghorns. I divide my chickens into three 

 lots, having a shed for each division. I do 

 this because I think they are less liable to 

 disease. As a proof of this I can say I never 

 had a chicken die of the cholera. — "Header," 

 in Prairie Farmer. 



Cocks' Comes as Food. — The combs of 

 Spanish and Leghorns fowls are sold in some 

 parts of Europe as choice delicacies for the 

 palates of those who sigh for fresh appetizers. 

 Under the name of "Cretes deC'oq,"asup- 

 jjly of these morsels has been recently im- 

 ported hither from Paris. The combs are of 

 large size, both single and rose, and are put 

 up iu white vinegar, in long tubular glass 

 bottles, holding about a pint, sealed with 

 black wax. When we say that these small 

 bottles cost at wholesale in Paris more than a 

 dollar in gold each, the reflection is forced 

 that many a large combed rooster may in 

 future be sacrified to Mammon, as many were 

 offered up to Esculapius There are enough 

 large combs in the yards of some of our 

 breeders to make a fortune if they could be 

 utilized. We hope, however, the combs on 

 the Mechterrauean class will be reduced in 

 size, as many large ones amout to positive 

 deformity. — Poultry World. 



GtjrsEA Fowls foe the Table. -^ The 

 Guinea fowl is the richest and most palatable 

 of all our domestic poultry. We can remem- 

 ber of no game bird among the Gallinaj that 

 surpasses it, and when our grouse aud part- 

 ridges and prairie chickens bec<une extinct, as 

 they will by-aud-by, the Guinea fowl will 

 prove a perfect substitute for them, and as 

 it breeds freely and requires but little care, it 

 will be practicable to breed it in all sectious. 

 After the bird attains an age of two years it 

 needs some other process of cooking than by 

 roasting, but with an age of less than two 

 years, a roasted Guinea fowl will discount 

 anything else iu the edible line wo can raise. 



In Sweden, gardening forms a jiart of the 

 educational system. Upwards of 2000 schools 

 have gardens for planting attached to them, 

 and the teachers of t'lenientary schools are 

 obliged to learu gardening. 



